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XCCDF
VMware vSphere 7.0 vCenter Appliance Photon OS Security Technical Implementation Guide
Profiles
III - Administrative Classified
III - Administrative Classified
An XCCDF Profile
Details
Items
Prose
112 rules organized in 112 groups
SRG-OS-000021-GPOS-00005
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must automatically lock an account when three unsuccessful logon attempts occur.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>By limiting the number of failed logon attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute-force attacks, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000021-GPOS-00005, SRG-OS-000329-GPOS-00128</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000023-GPOS-00006
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must display the Standard Mandatory DOD Notice and Consent Banner before granting Secure Shell (SSH) access.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000023-GPOS-00006, SRG-OS-000228-GPOS-00088</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000027-GPOS-00008
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must limit the number of concurrent sessions to 10 for all accounts and/or account types.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Operating system management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an operating system. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in reducing the risks related to denial-of-service attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must set a session inactivity timeout of 15 minutes or less.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>A session timeout is an action taken when a session goes idle for any reason. Rather than relying on the user to manually disconnect their session prior to going idle, the Photon operating system must be able to identify when a session has idled and take action to terminate the session. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010, SRG-OS-000279-GPOS-00109, SRG-OS-000126-GPOS-00066</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000032-GPOS-00013
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must have the sshd SyslogFacility set to "authpriv".
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Automated monitoring of remote access sessions allows organizations to detect cyberattacks and ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by auditing connection activities.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000032-GPOS-00013
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must have sshd authentication logging enabled.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Automated monitoring of remote access sessions allows organizations to detect cyberattacks and ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by auditing connection activities. Shipping sshd authentication events to syslog allows organizations to use their log aggregators to correlate forensic activities among multiple systems.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000032-GPOS-00013
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must have the sshd LogLevel set to "INFO".
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Automated monitoring of remote access sessions allows organizations to detect cyberattacks and ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by auditing connection activities. The INFO LogLevel is required, at least, to ensure the capturing of failed login events.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000033-GPOS-00014
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to use approved encryption algorithms.
Low Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without confidentiality protection mechanisms, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive information via a remote access session. OpenSSH on the Photon operating system is compiled with a FIPS-validated cryptographic module. The "FipsMode" setting controls whether this module is initialized and used in FIPS 140-2 mode. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000033-GPOS-00014, SRG-OS-000393-GPOS-00173, SRG-OS-000396-GPOS-00176, SRG-OS-000250-GPOS-00093, SRG-OS-000423-GPOS-00187</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure auditd to log to disk.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without establishing what type of events occurred, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events leading up to an outage or attack. Audit record content must be shipped to a central location, but it must also be logged locally. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000039-GPOS-00017, SRG-OS-000040-GPOS-00018, SRG-OS-000041-GPOS-00019</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000038-GPOS-00016
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure auditd to use the correct log format.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>To compile an accurate risk assessment and provide forensic analysis, it is essential for security personnel to know exact, unfiltered details of the event in question.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured to audit the execution of privileged functions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing all actions by superusers is one way to detect such misuse and identify the risk from insider threats and the advanced persistent threat.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00021
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must have the auditd service running.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the information system after the event occurred). They also provide a means to measure the impact of an event and help authorized personnel to determine the appropriate response. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00021, SRG-OS-000062-GPOS-00031, SRG-OS-000255-GPOS-00096, SRG-OS-000363-GPOS-00150, SRG-OS-000365-GPOS-00152, SRG-OS-000445-GPOS-00199, SRG-OS-000446-GPOS-00200, SRG-OS-000461-GPOS-00205, SRG-OS-000467-GPOS-00211, SRG-OS-000465-GPOS-00209, SRG-OS-000474-GPOS-00219, SRG-OS-000475-GPOS-00220</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000046-GPOS-00022
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit log must log space limit problems to syslog.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability, and system operation may be adversely affected. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000046-GPOS-00022, SRG-OS-000344-GPOS-00135</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000047-GPOS-00023
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit log must attempt to log audit failures to syslog.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability, and system operation may be adversely affected.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000057-GPOS-00027
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit log must have correct permissions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, audit reports) needed to successfully audit operating system activity. Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000058-GPOS-00028
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit log must be owned by root.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, audit reports) needed to successfully audit operating system activity. Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000059-GPOS-00029
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit log must be group-owned by root.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, audit reports) needed to successfully audit operating system activity. Unauthorized disclosure of audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, thus compromising its confidentiality.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000063-GPOS-00032
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must allow only the information system security manager (ISSM) (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without the capability to restrict the roles and individuals that can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000466-GPOS-00210, SRG-OS-000468-GPOS-00212</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000069-GPOS-00037
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one uppercase character be used.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000070-GPOS-00038
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lowercase character be used.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000071-GPOS-00039
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000072-GPOS-00040
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must require that new passwords are at least four characters different from the old password.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000073-GPOS-00041
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must store only encrypted representations of passwords.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000074-GPOS-00042
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must use an OpenSSH server version that does not support protocol 1.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the operating system. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the operating system validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack. An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by recording and replaying a previous authentication message. A privileged account is any information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Techniques used to address this include protocols using nonces (e.g., numbers generated for a specific one-time use) or challenges (e.g., TLS, WS_Security). Additional techniques include time-synchronous or challenge-response one-time authenticators. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000074-GPOS-00042, SRG-OS-000112-GPOS-00057, SRG-OS-000113-GPOS-00058, SRG-OS-000120-GPOS-00061, SRG-OS-000125-GPOS-00065, SRG-OS-000395-GPOS-00175, SRG-OS-000425-GPOS-00189, SRG-OS-000426-GPOS-00190</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000075-GPOS-00043
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that passwords for new users are restricted to a 24-hour minimum lifetime.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and continually change their password, the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000076-GPOS-00044
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that passwords for new users are restricted to a 90-day maximum lifetime.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the operating system passwords could be compromised.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000077-GPOS-00045
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. If the information system or application allows the user to consecutively reuse their password when that password has exceeded its defined lifetime, the result is a password that is not changed per policy requirements.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000078-GPOS-00046
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce a minimum eight-character password length.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000080-GPOS-00048
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes.
High Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If the system does not require authentication before it boots into single-user mode, anyone with console access to the system can trivially access all files on the system. GRUB2 is the boot loader for Photon OS and can be configured to require a password to boot into single-user mode or make modifications to the boot menu. Note: Photon does not support building grub changes via grub2-mkconfig.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must disable the loading of unnecessary kernel modules.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>To support the requirements and principles of least functionality, the operating system must provide only essential capabilities and limit the use of modules, protocols, and/or services to only those required for the proper functioning of the product. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050, SRG-OS-000114-GPOS-00059</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000104-GPOS-00051
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not have duplicate User IDs (UIDs).
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be uniquely identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and provide for nonrepudiation.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000118-GPOS-00060
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must disable new accounts immediately upon password expiration.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Inactive identifiers pose a risk to systems and applications because attackers may exploit an inactive identifier and potentially obtain undetected access to the system. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access to their user account has been obtained. Disabling inactive accounts ensures accounts that may not have been responsibly removed are not available to attackers who may have compromised their credentials.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000142-GPOS-00071
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must use Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) syncookies.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>A TCP SYN flood attack can cause a denial of service by filling a system's TCP connection table with connections in the SYN_RCVD state. Syncookies can be used to track a connection when a subsequent ACK is received, verifying the initiator is attempting a valid connection and is not a flood source. This feature is activated when a flood condition is detected and enables the system to continue servicing valid connection requests. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000142-GPOS-00071, SRG-OS-000420-GPOS-00186</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disconnect idle Secure Shell (SSH) sessions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on a console or console port that has been left unattended.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disconnect idle Secure Shell (SSH) sessions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on a console or console port that has been left unattended.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000206-GPOS-00084
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system "/var/log" directory must be owned by root.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state and can provide sensitive information to an unprivileged attacker.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000206-GPOS-00084
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system messages file must have the correct ownership and file permissions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state and can provide sensitive information to an unprivileged attacker.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit all account modifications.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to modify an existing account. Auditing account modification actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit all account modifications.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of reestablishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to modify an existing account. Auditing account modification actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000239-GPOS-00089, SRG-OS-000303-GPOS-00120</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000240-GPOS-00090
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit all account disabling actions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>When operating system accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are used for identifying individual users or operating system processes. To detect and respond to events affecting user accessibility and system processing, operating systems must audit account disabling actions.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000241-GPOS-00091
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit all account removal actions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>When operating system accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are used for identifying individual users or operating system processes. To detect and respond to events affecting user accessibility and system processing, operating systems must audit account removal actions.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000254-GPOS-00095
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must initiate auditing as part of the boot process.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Each process on the system carries an "auditable" flag, which indicates whether its activities can be audited. Although auditd takes care of enabling this for all processes that launch after it starts, adding the kernel argument ensures the flag is set at boot for every process on the system. This includes processes created before auditd starts.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000256-GPOS-00097
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system audit files and directories must have correct permissions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on audit information.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000257-GPOS-00098
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification and deletion.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operations on audit information. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000257-GPOS-00098, SRG-OS-000258-GPOS-00099</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000266-GPOS-00101
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000278-GPOS-00108
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system package files must not be modified.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Protecting the integrity of the tools used for auditing purposes is a critical step toward ensuring the integrity of audit information. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity. Without confidence in the integrity of the auditing system and tools, the information it provides cannot be trusted.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000327-GPOS-00127
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit the execution of privileged functions.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Misuse of privileged functions, either intentionally or unintentionally by authorized users, or by unauthorized external entities that have compromised information system accounts, is a serious and ongoing concern and can have significant adverse impacts on organizations. Auditing the use of privileged functions is one way to detect such misuse and identify the risk from insider threats and the advanced persistent threat. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000327-GPOS-00127, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000341-GPOS-00132
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure auditd to keep five rotated log files.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit logs are most useful when accessible by date, rather than size. This can be accomplished through a combination of an audit log rotation cron job, setting a reasonable number of logs to keep, and configuring auditd to not rotate the logs on its own. This ensures audit logs are accessible to the information system security officer (ISSO) in the event of a central log processing failure.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000341-GPOS-00132
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure auditd to keep logging in the event max log file size is reached.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Audit logs are most useful when accessible by date, rather than size. This can be accomplished through a combination of an audit log rotation cron job, setting a reasonable number of logs to keep, and configuring auditd to not rotate the logs on its own. This ensures audit logs are accessible to the information system security officer (ISSO) in the event of a central log processing failure. If another solution is not used to rotate auditd logs, auditd can be configured to rotate logs.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000343-GPOS-00134
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure auditd to log space limit problems to syslog.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If security personnel are not notified immediately when storage volume reaches 75 percent utilization, they are unable to plan for audit record storage capacity expansion.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000366-GPOS-00153
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system RPM package management tool must cryptographically verify the authenticity of all software packages during installation.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Installation of any nontrusted software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components can significantly affect the overall security of the operating system. Ensuring all packages' cryptographic signatures are valid prior to installation ensures the provenance of the software and protects against malicious tampering.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000366-GPOS-00153
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system RPM package management tool must cryptographically verify the authenticity of all software packages during installation.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Installation of any nontrusted software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components can significantly affect the overall security of the operating system. Cryptographically verifying the authenticity of all software packages during installation ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted vendor.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000366-GPOS-00153
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system YUM repository must cryptographically verify the authenticity of all software packages during installation.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Installation of any nontrusted software, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components can significantly affect the overall security of the operating system. Cryptographically verifying the authenticity of all software packages during installation ensures the software has not been tampered with and has been provided by a trusted vendor.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must require users to reauthenticate for privilege escalation.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without reauthentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization. When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the user reauthenticate. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00157, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00158</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000394-GPOS-00174
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to use FIPS 140-2 ciphers.
Low Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Privileged access contains control and configuration information and is particularly sensitive, so additional protections are necessary. This is maintained by using cryptographic mechanisms such as encryption to protect confidentiality. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are conducted by individuals communicating through an external network (e.g., the internet) or internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. This requirement applies to hardware/software diagnostic test equipment or tools. It does not cover hardware/software components that may support information system maintenance, yet are a part of the system (e.g., the software implementing "ping," "ls," "ipconfig," or the hardware and software implementing the monitoring port of an Ethernet switch). The operating system can meet this requirement by leveraging a cryptographic module. Satisfies: SRG-OS-000394-GPOS-00174, SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000433-GPOS-00193
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must implement address space layout randomization (ASLR) to protect its memory from unauthorized code execution.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>ASLR makes it more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of attack code they have introduced into a process's address space during an attempt at exploitation. ASLR also makes it more difficult for an attacker to know the location of existing code to repurpose it using return-oriented programming (ROP) techniques.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000437-GPOS-00194
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must remove all software components after updated versions have been installed.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Previous versions of software components that are not removed from the information system after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries. Some information technology products may remove older versions of software automatically from the information system.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must generate audit records when the sudo command is used.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000463-GPOS-00207</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000470-GPOS-00214, SRG-OS-000472-GPOS-00217, SRG-OS-000473-GPOS-00218</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must audit the "insmod" module.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter). Satisfies: SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00216, SRG-OS-000477-GPOS-00222</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000476-GPOS-00221
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system auditd service must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00225
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must use the "pam_cracklib" module.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If the operating system allows the user to select passwords based on dictionary words, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the opportunity for successful guesses and brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00226
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must set the "FAIL_DELAY" parameter.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Limiting the number of logon attempts over a certain time interval reduces the chances that an unauthorized user may gain access to an account.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00226
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce a delay of at least four seconds between logon prompts following a failed logon attempt.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Limiting the number of logon attempts over a certain time interval reduces the chances that an unauthorized user may gain access to an account.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must ensure audit events are flushed to disk at proper intervals.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Without setting a balance between performance and ensuring all audit events are written to disk, performance of the system may suffer or the risk of missing audit entries may be too high.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must create a home directory for all new local interactive user accounts.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If local interactive users are not assigned a valid home directory, there is no place for the storage and control of files they should own.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must disable the debug-shell service.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The debug-shell service is intended to diagnose systemd-related boot issues with various "systemctl" commands. Once enabled and following a system reboot, the root shell will be available on tty9. This service must remain disabled until and unless otherwise directed by VMware support.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disallow Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) authentication.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>GSSAPI authentication is used to provide additional authentication mechanisms to applications. Allowing GSSAPI authentication through Secure Shell (SSH) exposes the system's GSSAPI to remote hosts, increasing the attack surface of the system.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disable environment processing.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Enabling environment processing may enable users to bypass access restrictions in some configurations and must therefore be disabled.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disable X11 forwarding.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>X11 is an older, insecure graphics forwarding protocol. It is not used by Photon and should be disabled as a general best practice to limit attack surface area and communication channels.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to perform strict mode checking of home directory configuration files.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If other users have access to modify user-specific Secure Shell (SSH) configuration files, they may be able to log on to the system as another user.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disallow Kerberos authentication.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If Kerberos is enabled through Secure Shell (SSH), sshd provides a means of access to the system's Kerberos implementation. Vulnerabilities in the system's Kerberos implementation may then be subject to exploitation. To reduce the attack surface of the system, the Kerberos authentication mechanism within SSH must be disabled.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disallow authentication with an empty password.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Blank passwords are one of the first things an attacker checks for when probing a system. Even is the user somehow has a blank password on the operating system, sshd must not allow that user to log in.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disallow compression of the encrypted session stream.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If compression is allowed in a Secure Shell (SSH) connection prior to authentication, vulnerabilities in the compression software could result in compromise of the system from an unauthenticated connection.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to display the last login immediately after authentication.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Providing users with feedback on the last time they logged on via Secure Shell (SSH) facilitates user recognition and reporting of unauthorized account use.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to ignore user-specific trusted hosts lists.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Secure Shell (SSH) trust relationships enable trivial lateral spread after a host compromise and therefore must be explicitly disabled. Individual users can have a local list of trusted remote machines, which must also be ignored while disabling host-based authentication generally.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to ignore user-specific "known_host" files.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Secure Shell (SSH) trust relationships enable trivial lateral spread after a host compromise and therefore must be explicitly disabled. Individual users can have a local list of trusted remote machines that must also be ignored while disabling host-based authentication generally.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to limit the number of allowed login attempts per connection.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>By setting the login attempt limit to a low value, an attacker will be forced to reconnect frequently, which severely limits the speed and effectiveness of brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so the x86 Ctrl-Alt-Delete key sequence is disabled on the command line.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>When the Ctrl-Alt-Del target is enabled, a locally logged-on user who presses Ctrl-Alt-Delete, when at the console, can reboot the system. If accidentally pressed, as could happen in the case of a mixed operating system environment, this can create the risk of short-term loss of systems availability due to unintentional reboot.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so the "/etc/skel" default scripts are protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If the skeleton files are not protected, unauthorized personnel could change user startup parameters and possibly jeopardize user files.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so the "/root" path is protected from unauthorized access.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If the "/root" path is accessible to users other than root, unauthorized users could change the root partitions files.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that all global initialization scripts are protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Local initialization files are used to configure the user's shell environment upon login. Malicious modification of these files could compromise accounts upon login.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that all system startup scripts are protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If system startup scripts are accessible to unauthorized modification, this could compromise the system on startup.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that all files have a valid owner and group owner.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If files do not have valid user and group owners, unintended access to files could occur.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so the "/etc/cron.allow" file is protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If cron files and folders are accessible to unauthorized users, malicious jobs may be created.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that all cron jobs are protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If cron files and folders are accessible to unauthorized users, malicious jobs may be created.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured so that all cron paths are protected from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If cron files and folders are accessible to unauthorized users, malicious jobs may be created.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not forward IPv4 or IPv6 source-routed packets.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Source routing is an Internet Protocol mechanism that allows an IP packet to carry information, a list of addresses, that tells a router the path the packet must take. There is also an option to record the hops as the route is traversed. The list of hops taken, the "route record", provides the destination with a return path to the source. This allows the source (the sending host) to specify the route, loosely or strictly, ignoring the routing tables of some or all of the routers. It can allow a user to redirect network traffic for malicious purposes and should therefore be disabled.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not respond to IPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echoes sent to a broadcast address.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Responding to broadcast (ICMP) echoes facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must prevent IPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirect messages from being accepted.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must prevent IPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) secure redirect messages from being accepted.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not send IPv4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) redirects.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table, possibly revealing portions of the network topology.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must log IPv4 packets with impossible addresses.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must use a reverse-path filter for IPv4 network traffic.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems that are routers for complicated networks but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not perform multicast packet forwarding.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this software is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must not perform IPv4 packet forwarding.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this software is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must send Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) timestamps.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>TCP timestamps are used to provide protection against wrapped sequence numbers. It is possible to calculate system uptime (and boot time) by analyzing TCP timestamps. These calculated uptimes can help a bad actor in determining likely patch levels for vulnerabilities.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured to protect the Secure Shell (SSH) public host key from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may be compromised.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must be configured to protect the Secure Shell ( SSH) private host key from unauthorized access.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must enforce password complexity on the root account.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Password complexity rules must apply to all accounts on the system, including root. Without specifying the "enforce_for_root flag", "pam_cracklib" does not apply complexity rules to the root user. While root users can find ways around this requirement, given its superuser power, it is necessary to attempt to force compliance.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must protect all boot configuration files from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Boot configuration files control how the system boots, including single-user mode, auditing, log levels, etc. Improper or malicious configurations can negatively affect system security and availability.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must protect sshd configuration from unauthorized access.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The "sshd_config" file contains all the configuration items for sshd. Incorrect or malicious configuration of sshd can allow unauthorized access to the system, insecure communication, limited forensic trail, etc.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must protect all "sysctl" configuration files from unauthorized access.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The "sysctl" configuration file specifies values for kernel parameters to be set on boot. Incorrect or malicious configuration of these parameters can have a negative effect on system security.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00228
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must set the "umask" parameter correctly.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>The "umask" value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. The "umask" setting in "login.defs" controls the permissions for a new user's home directory. By setting the proper "umask", home directories will only allow the new user to read and write files there.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00229
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to disallow HostbasedAuthentication.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Secure Shell (SSH) trust relationships enable trivial lateral spread after a host compromise and therefore must be explicitly disabled.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000073-GPOS-00041
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must store only encrypted representations of passwords.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Passwords must be protected at all times via strong, one-way encryption. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. If they are encrypted with a weak cipher, those passwords are much more vulnerable to offline brute-force attacks.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000077-GPOS-00045
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must ensure the old passwords are being stored.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. If the information system or application allows the user to consecutively reuse their password when that password has exceeded its defined lifetime, the result is a password that is not changed per policy requirements.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to restrict AllowTcpForwarding.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>While enabling Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) tunnels is a valuable function of sshd, this feature is not appropriate for use on single-purpose appliances.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must configure sshd to restrict LoginGraceTime.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>By default, sshd unauthenticated connections are left open for two minutes before being closed. This setting is too permissive as no legitimate login would need such an amount of time to complete a login. Quickly terminating idle or incomplete login attempts will free resources and reduce the exposure any partial logon attempts may create.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000478-GPOS-00223
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must implement NIST FIPS-validated cryptography for the following: to provision digital signatures, generate cryptographic hashes, and protect unclassified information requiring confidentiality and cryptographic protection in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards.
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of using encryption to protect data. The operating system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government because this provides assurance they have been tested and validated.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>
SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
1 Rule
<GroupDescription></GroupDescription>
The Photon operating system must disable systemd fallback Domain Name System (DNS).
Medium Severity
<VulnDiscussion>Systemd contains an ability to set fallback DNS servers. This is used for DNS lookups in the event no system-level DNS servers are configured or other DNS servers are specified in the systemd "resolved.conf" file. If uncommented, this configuration contains Google DNS servers by default and could result in DNS leaking information unknowingly in the event DNS is absent or misconfigured at the system level.</VulnDiscussion><FalsePositives></FalsePositives><FalseNegatives></FalseNegatives><Documentable>false</Documentable><Mitigations></Mitigations><SeverityOverrideGuidance></SeverityOverrideGuidance><PotentialImpacts></PotentialImpacts><ThirdPartyTools></ThirdPartyTools><MitigationControl></MitigationControl><Responsibility></Responsibility><IAControls></IAControls>