DRAFT - Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) Essential Eight
Rules and Groups employed by this XCCDF Profile
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System Settings
Contains rules that check correct system settings.Group -
Installing and Maintaining Software
The following sections contain information on security-relevant choices during the initial operating system installation process and the setup of software updates.Group -
System and Software Integrity
System and software integrity can be gained by installing antivirus, increasing system encryption strength with FIPS, verifying installed software, enabling SELinux, installing an Intrusion Prevent...Group -
Software Integrity Checking
Both the AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) software and the RPM package management system provide mechanisms for verifying the integrity of installed software. AIDE uses snapshots of ...Group -
Verify Integrity with RPM
The RPM package management system includes the ability to verify the integrity of installed packages by comparing the installed files with information about the files taken from the package metadat...Group -
Verify File Hashes with RPM
Without cryptographic integrity protections, system executables and files can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. The RPM package management system can check the hashes of installed...Rule High Severity -
System Cryptographic Policies
Linux has the capability to centrally configure cryptographic polices. The command <code>update-crypto-policies</code> is used to set the policy applicable for the various cryptographic back-ends, ...Group -
Configure System Cryptography Policy
To configure the system cryptography policy to use ciphers only from the <code><xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_system_crypto_policy" use="legacy"></xccdf-1.2:sub></code...Rule High Severity -
Configure SSH to use System Crypto Policy
Crypto Policies provide a centralized control over crypto algorithms usage of many packages. SSH is supported by crypto policy, but the SSH configuration may be set up to ignore it. To check that C...Rule Medium Severity -
Sudo
<code>Sudo</code>, which stands for "su 'do'", provides the ability to delegate authority to certain users, groups of users, or system administrators. When configured for system users and/or groups...Group -
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo !authenticate
The sudo <code>!authenticate</code> option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the <code>!authe...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo NOPASSWD
The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the <code>NOPASSWD</code...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo
The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> and <code>!authenticate</code> option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making ...Rule Medium Severity -
Updating Software
The <code>dnf</code> command line tool is used to install and update software packages. The system also provides a graphical software update tool in the <b>System</b> menu, in the <b>Administration...Group -
Configure dnf-automatic to Install Only Security Updates
To configure <code>dnf-automatic</code> to install only security updates automatically, set <code>upgrade_type</code> to <code>security</code> under <code>[commands]</code> section in <code>/etc/dn...Rule Low Severity -
Ensure gpgcheck Enabled In Main dnf Configuration
The <code>gpgcheck</code> option controls whether RPM packages' signatures are always checked prior to installation. To configure dnf to check package signatures before installing them, ensure the ...Rule High Severity -
Ensure gpgcheck Enabled for Local Packages
<code>dnf</code> should be configured to verify the signature(s) of local packages prior to installation. To configure <code>dnf</code> to verify signatures of local packages, set the <code>localpk...Rule High Severity -
Ensure gpgcheck Enabled for All dnf Package Repositories
To ensure signature checking is not disabled for any repos, remove any lines from files in/etc/yum.repos.dof the form:gpgcheck=0
Rule High Severity -
Ensure Red Hat GPG Key Installed
To ensure the system can cryptographically verify base software packages come from Red Hat (and to connect to the Red Hat Network to receive them), the Red Hat GPG key must properly be installed. T...Rule High Severity -
Account and Access Control
In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action or access any file to which that account has access. Therefore, making it mor...Group -
Enable authselect
Configure user authentication setup to use the <code>authselect</code> tool. If authselect profile is selected, the rule will enable the <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var...Rule Medium Severity -
Protect Accounts by Restricting Password-Based Login
Conventionally, Unix shell accounts are accessed by providing a username and password to a login program, which tests these values for correctness using the <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/...Group -
Verify Proper Storage and Existence of Password Hashes
By default, password hashes for local accounts are stored in the second field (colon-separated) in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. This file should be readable only by processes running with root credent...Group -
Prevent Login to Accounts With Empty Password
If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log into the account without authentication. Remove any instances of the <code>...Rule High Severity -
Restrict Root Logins
Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivileged account, and then use <code>su</code> or <cod...Group -
Verify Only Root Has UID 0
If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or have their UID changed. <br> If the account is asso...Rule High Severity -
Configure Syslog
The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lack of authentication for received messages, and lac...Group -
Ensure rsyslog is Installed
Rsyslog is installed by default. Thersyslogpackage can be installed with the following command:$ sudo dnf install rsyslog
Rule Medium Severity -
Enable rsyslog Service
The <code>rsyslog</code> service provides syslog-style logging by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. The <code>rsyslog</code> service can be enabled with the following command: <pre>$ sudo sy...Rule Medium Severity -
Network Configuration and Firewalls
Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions about networking wh...Group -
Ensure System is Not Acting as a Network Sniffer
The system should not be acting as a network sniffer, which can capture all traffic on the network to which it is connected. Run the following to determine if any interface is running in promiscuou...Rule Medium Severity -
firewalld
The dynamic firewall daemon <code>firewalld</code> provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network “zones” to assign a level of trust to a network and its associated connections an...Group -
Inspect and Activate Default firewalld Rules
Firewalls can be used to separate networks into different zones based on the level of trust the user has decided to place on the devices and traffic within that network. <code>NetworkManager</code>...Group -
Install firewalld Package
Thefirewalldpackage can be installed with the following command:$ sudo dnf install firewalld
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify firewalld Enabled
Thefirewalldservice can be enabled with the following command:$ sudo systemctl enable firewalld.service
Rule Medium Severity -
File Permissions and Masks
Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which they should not have access. <br> <br> Severa...Group -
Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories
Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses important permission restrictions which can be verifie...Group -
Verify that All World-Writable Directories Have Sticky Bits Set
When the so-called 'sticky bit' is set on a directory, only the owner of a given file may remove that file from the directory. Without the sticky bit, any user with write access to a directory may ...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure All SGID Executables Are Authorized
The SGID (set group id) bit should be set only on files that were installed via authorized means. A straightforward means of identifying unauthorized SGID files is determine if any were not install...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure All SUID Executables Are Authorized
The SUID (set user id) bit should be set only on files that were installed via authorized means. A straightforward means of identifying unauthorized SUID files is determine if any were not installe...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure No World-Writable Files Exist
It is generally a good idea to remove global (other) write access to a file when it is discovered. However, check with documentation for specific applications before making changes. Also, monitor f...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify File Permissions Within Some Important Directories
Some directories contain files whose confidentiality or integrity is notably important and may also be susceptible to misconfiguration over time, particularly if unpackaged software is installed. A...Group -
Verify that System Executables Have Root Ownership
System executables are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/libexec /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin</pre> All files in these directories should be ...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify that Shared Library Files Have Root Ownership
System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/lib /lib64 /usr/lib /usr/lib64 </pr...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify that System Executables Have Restrictive Permissions
System executables are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/libexec /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin</pre> All files in these directories should not...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify that Shared Library Files Have Restrictive Permissions
System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/lib /lib64 /usr/lib /usr/lib64 </pr...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Partition Mount Options
System partitions can be mounted with certain options that limit what files on those partitions can do. These options are set in the <code>/etc/fstab</code> configuration file, and can be used to m...Group -
Add nodev Option to /dev/shm
The <code>nodev</code> mount option can be used to prevent creation of device files in <code>/dev/shm</code>. Legitimate character and block devices should not exist within temporary directories li...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /dev/shm
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/dev/shm</code>. It can be dangerous to allow the execution of binaries from world-writable tem...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /dev/shm
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/dev/shm</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions should not be required in these world-writable dire...Rule Medium Severity
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