NIST 800-53 Moderate-Impact Baseline for Red Hat OpenShift - Platform level

$ oc create sa service_account_name

$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '.data."config.yaml"' | jq '.apiServerArguments."enable-admission-plugins"'

$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '.data."config.yaml"' | jq '.apiServerArguments."enable-admission-plugins"' 

$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '.data."config.yaml"' | jq '.apiServerArguments."enable-admission-plugins"'

$ oc describe clusterrolebindings

$ oc get --as="system:anonymous" --raw='/readyz?verbose'

$ oc get --as="system:anonymous" projects

oc get flowschema

oc describe flowschema catch-all

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-maxbackup": [10],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-maxsize": ["100"],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-path":"/var/log/kube-apiserver/audit.log",
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "basic-auth-file":[
    "/path/to/any/file"
  ],
  ...

"apiServerArguments": {
  ...
    "client-ca-file": [
      "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/configmaps/client-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
    ],
  ...

When you enable etcd encryption, the following OpenShift API server and Kubernetes API server resources are encrypted:

• Secrets
• ConfigMaps
• Routes
• OAuth access tokens
• OAuth authorize tokens

When you enable etcd encryption, encryption keys are created. These keys are rotated on a weekly basis. You must have these keys in order to restore from an etcd backup.

To ensure the correct cipher, set the encryption type aescbc in the apiserver object which configures the API server itself.

spec:
  encryption:
    type: aescbc

For more information, follow the relevant documentation.

"apiServerArguments": {
  ...
    "etcd-cafile": [
        "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/etcd-serving-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
    ],
  ...

...
"etcd-certfile": [
    "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/etcd-client/tls.crt"
],
...

...
"etcd-keyfile": [
    "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/etcd-client/tls.key"
],
...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "insecure-bind-address":[
    "127.0.0.1"
  ],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "insecure-port":[
    "1234"
  ],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "kubelet-certificate-authority":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/kubelet-serving-ca/ca-bundle.crt",
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
...
  "kubelet-client-certificate":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.crt",
...
}

"apiServerArguments":{
...
  "kubelet-client-certificate":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.crt",
...
}

Note that this particular rule is only valid for OCP releases up to and
including 4.8

"apiServerArguments":{
...
  "kubelet-client-key":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.key",
...
}

"apiServerArguments":{
...
  "kubelet-client-key":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.key",
...
}

Note that this particular rule is only valid for OCP releases up to and
including 4.8

$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | .apiServerArguments | select(has("disable-admission-plugins")) | if ."disable-admission-plugins" != ["PodSecurity"] then ."disable-admission-plugins" else empty end]'

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "min-request-timeout":[
    
  ],
  ...

...
"serviceAccountPublicKeyFiles":[
  "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/sa-token-signing-certs"
],
...

"apiServerArguments":{
...
"tls-cert-file": [
  "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/service-network-serving-certkey/tls.crt"
],
...
}

"servingInfo":{
  ...
  "cipherSuites": [
    "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
    "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
    "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
    "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
    "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256",
    "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256",
  ],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
...
"tls-private-key-file": [
  "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/service-network-serving-certkey/tls.key"
],
...
}

The configuration tlsSecurityProfile specifies TLS configurations to be used while establishing connections with the externally exposed servers. Though secure transport mode is used for establishing connections, the protocols used may not always be strong enough to avoid interception and manipulation of the data in transport. TLS Security profile configured should not make use of any protocols, ciphers, and algorithms with known security vulnerabilities.

tlsSecurityProfile can be configured to use one of custom, intermediate, modern, or old profile. Profile Old should be avoided at all times and when using custom profile one should be extremely careful as invalid configurations can be catastrophic. It is always advised to use highly secure intermediate or modern profiles and if unset a default is chosen.

Update tlsSecurityProfile to Intermediate using the following command:

oc patch apiservers.config.openshift.io cluster --type 'json' --patch '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/intermediate", "value": {}}, {"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/type", "value": "Intermediate"}'

For more information, follow OpenShift documentation: the relevant documentation.

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "token-auth-file":[
    "/path/to/any/file"
  ],
  ...

ClusterLogForwarders

For users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform, they must first authenticate to the cluster. The authentication layer identifies the user associated with requests to the OpenShift Container Platform API. The authorization layer then uses information about the requesting user to determine if the request is allowed. Understanding authentication | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

The OpenShift Container Platform includes a built-in OAuth server for token-based authentication. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. It is recommended for an administrator to configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after the cluster is installed. User access to the cluster is managed through the identity provider. Understanding identity provider configuration | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

OpenShift includes built-in role based access control (RBAC) to determine whether a user is allowed to perform a given action within the cluster. Roles can have cluster scope or local (i.e. project) scope. Using RBAC to define and apply permissions | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

You can configure OAuth tokens to expire after a set period of inactivity. By default, no token inactivity timeout is set.

The inactivity timeout can be either set in the OAuth server configuration or in any of the OAuth clients. The client settings override the OAuth server setting.

To set the OAuth server inactivity timeout, edit the OAuth server object: oc edit oauth cluster and set the .spec.tokenConfig.accessTokenInactivityTimeout parameter to the desired value:

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
...
spec:
   tokenConfig:
     accessTokenInactivityTimeout: 10m0s 
Please note that the OAuth server converts the value internally to a human-readable format,
so that e.g. setting accessTokenInactivityTimeout=600s would be converted by the OAuth
server to accessTokenInactivityTimeout=10m0s.

To edit the OAuth client inactivity timeout, edit the OAuth client object: oc edit oauthclient $clientname and set the top-level accessTokenInactivityTimeoutSeconds attribute.

apiVersion: oauth.openshift.io/v1
grantMethod: auto
kind: OAuthClient
metadata:
...
accessTokenInactivityTimeoutSeconds: 600 

You can configure OAuth tokens to have have a custom duration. By default, the tokens are valid for 24 hours (86400 seconds).

The maximum age can be either set in the OAuth server configuration or in any of the OAuth clients. The client settings override the OAuth server setting.

To set the OAuth server token max age, edit the OAuth server object: oc edit oauth cluster and set the .spec.tokenConfig.accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds parameter to the desired value:

apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
...
spec:
   tokenConfig:
     accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds: 28800

To set the OAuth client token max age, edit the OAuth client object: oc edit oauthclient $clientname and set the top-level accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds attribute.

apiVersion: oauth.openshift.io/v1
grantMethod: auto
kind: OAuthClient
metadata:
...
accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds: 28800

For users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform, they must first authenticate to the cluster. The authentication layer identifies the user associated with requests to the OpenShift Container Platform API. The authorization layer then uses information about the requesting user to determine if the request is allowed. Understanding authentication | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

The OpenShift Container Platform includes a built-in OAuth server for token-based authentication. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. It is recommended for an administrator to configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after the cluster is installed. User access to the cluster is managed through the identity provider. Understanding identity provider configuration | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

However, not all Identity Providers supported by OpenShift provide the same level of capabilities. As an example, the htpasswd Identity Provider only checks the username and password match and provides no means of 2FA, account lockout or notification mechanism. This rule therefore only allows a subset of identity providers.

For users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform, they must first authenticate to the cluster. The authentication layer identifies the user associated with requests to the OpenShift Container Platform API. The authorization layer then uses information about the requesting user to determine if the request is allowed. Understanding authentication | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

The OpenShift Container Platform includes a built-in OAuth server for token-based authentication. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. It is recommended for an administrator to configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after the cluster is installed. User access to the cluster is managed through the identity provider. Understanding identity provider configuration | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform

If the identity provider is LDAP, setting the insecure flag to true would mean that passwords, such as the one used to authenticate the OAuth proxy to the LDAP server would be transmitted in the clear, potentially allowing an attacker to read the password if they captured the network traffic.

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "port": ["0"],
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "feature-gates": [
  ...
    "RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true",
  ...
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "secure-port": ["10257"],
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "root-ca-file": [
    "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/serviceaccount-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
  ],
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "service-account-private-key-file": [
    "/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/service-account-private-key/service-account.key"
  ],
...

"extendedArguments": {
...
  "use-service-account-credentials": [
    "true"
  ],
...

$ oc get cm/etcd-pod -n openshift-etcd -o yaml

--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-serving-NODE_NAME.crt

[a-z]+

oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-client-cert-auth="

oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-serving-NODE_NAME.key"

[a-z]+

$ oc get cm/etcd-pod -n openshift-etcd -o yaml

--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-peer-NODE_NAME.crt

[a-z]+

oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-peer-client-cert-auth="

oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-peer-NODE_NAME.key"

[a-z]+

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
 name: motd
 namespace: openshift
data:
  message: "A relevant MOTD"

To configure ClusterResourceQuota, follow the directions in the documentation

To configure ResourceQuota Per Project, follow the directions in the documentation

tlsCertFile: /path/to/TLS/cert.key

tlsCertFile: /path/to/TLS/cert.key

Note that this particular rule is only valid for OCP releases up to and
including 4.8

tlsPrivateKeyFile: /path/to/TLS/private.key

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "kubelet-read-only-port":[
    "0"
  ],
  ...

OpenShift audit works at the API server level, logging all requests coming to the server. However, if API server instance is unable to write errors, an alert must be issued in order for the organization to take a relevant action. e.g. shutting down that instance.

Kubernetes by default has metrics that enable one to write such alerts:

• apiserver_audit_event_total
• apiserver_audit_error_total

apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
  name: audit-errors
  namespace: openshift-kube-apiserver
spec:
  groups:
  - name: apiserver-audit
    rules:
    - alert: AuditLogError
      annotations:
        summary: |-
          An API Server instance was unable to write audit logs. This could be
          triggered by the node running out of space, or a malicious actor
          tampering with the audit logs.
        description: An API Server had an error writing to an audit log.
      expr: |
        sum by (apiserver,instance)(rate(apiserver_audit_error_total{apiserver=~".+-apiserver"}[5m])) / sum by (apiserver,instance) (rate(apiserver_audit_event_total{apiserver=~".+-apiserver"}[5m])) > 0
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: warning

For more information, consult the official Kubernetes documentation.

OpenShift audit works at the API server level, logging all requests coming to the server. Audit is on by default and the best practice is to ship audit logs off the cluster for retention using a secure protocol.

The cluster-logging-operator is able to do this with the

ClusterLogForwarders

OpenShift can audit the details of requests made to the API server through the standard Kubernetes audit capabilities.

In OpenShift, auditing of the API Server is on by default. Audit provides a security-relevant chronological set of records documenting the sequence of activities that have affected system by individual users, administrators, or other components of the system. Audit works at the API server level, logging all requests coming to the server. Each audit log contains two entries:

The request line containing:

• A Unique ID allowing to match the response line (see #2)
• The source IP of the request
• The HTTP method being invoked
• The original user invoking the operation
• The impersonated user for the operation (self meaning himself)
• The impersonated group for the operation (lookup meaning user's group)
• The namespace of the request or none
• The URI as requested

The response line containing:

• The aforementioned unique ID
• The response code

For more information on how to configure the audit profile, please visit the documentation

Production environments can deny direct access to the Internet and instead have an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available.

The Proxy object is used to manage the cluster-wide egress proxy. Setting this will ensure that containers get the appropriate environment variables set to ensure traffic goes to the proxy per organizational requirements.

For more information, see the relevant documentation.

The configuration tlsSecurityProfile specifies TLS configurations to be used while establishing connections with the externally exposed servers. Though secure transport mode is used for establishing connections, the protocols used may not always be strong enough to avoid interception and manipulation of the data in transport. TLS Security profile configured should not make use of any protocols, ciphers, and algorithms with known security vulnerabilities.

tlsSecurityProfile can be configured to use one of custom, intermediate, modern, or old profile. Profile Old should be avoided at all times and when using custom profile one should be extremely careful as invalid configurations can be catastrophic. It is always advised to use highly secure intermediate or modern profiles and if unset profile configured in apiservers.config.openshift.io/cluster resource will be used as default.

To update tlsSecurityProfile to Intermediate use the following command:

oc patch -n openshift-ingress-operator ingresscontrollers.operator.openshift.io default --type 'json' --patch '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/intermediate", "value": {}}, {"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/type", "value": "Intermediate"}'

For more information, follow OpenShift documentation: the relevant documentation.

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-maxbackup": [10],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-maxsize": ["100"],
  ...

"apiServerArguments":{
  ...
  "audit-log-path":"/var/log/openshift-apiserver/audit.log",
  ...

oc patch

/tmp/allowed-registries-patch.yaml

spec:
  registrySources:
    allowedRegistries:
    - my-trusted-registry.internal.example.com

oc patch image.config.openshift.io cluster --patch="$(cat /tmp/allowed-registries-patch.yaml)" --type=merge

oc patch

/tmp/allowed-import-registries-patch.yaml

spec:
  allowedRegistriesForImport:
  - domainName: my-trusted-registry.internal.example.com
    insecure: false

oc patch image.config.openshift.io cluster --patch="$(cat /tmp/allowed-import-registries-patch.yaml)" --type=merge