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XCCDF
Tanium 7.x Application on TanOS Security Technical Implementation Guide
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83 rules organized in 83 groups
SRG-APP-000001
1 Rule
The Tanium max_soap_sessions_per_user setting must be explicitly enabled to limit the number of simultaneous sessions.
Medium Severity
Application management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an application. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in limiting risks related to DoS attacks. This requirement may be met via the application or by utilizing information system session control provided by a web server with specialized session management capabilities. If it has been specified that this requirement will be handled by the application, the capability to limit the maximum number of concurrent single user sessions must be designed and built in to the application. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for information system accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by single users via multiple system accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based upon mission needs and the operational environment for each system.
SRG-APP-000003
1 Rule
The Tanium Application Server console must be configured to initiate a session lock after a 15-minute period of inactivity.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Console, when multi-factor authentication is enabled, will initiate a session lock based upon the ActivClient or other Smart Card software. By initiating the session lock, the console will be locked and not allow unauthorized access by anyone other than the original user. Although this setting does not apply when multi-factor authentication is enabled, it should be explicitly disabled in the event multi-factor authentication is ever broken or removed.
SRG-APP-000015
1 Rule
The Tanium endpoint must have the Tanium Server's pki.db in its installation.
Medium Severity
Without cryptographic integrity protections in the Tanium Client, information could be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Cryptographic mechanisms used for protecting the integrity of Tanium communications information include signed hash functions using asymmetric cryptography enabling distribution of the public key to verify the hash information while maintaining the confidentiality of the secret key used to generate the hash.
SRG-APP-000015
1 Rule
Tanium Trusted Content providers must be documented.
Medium Severity
A Tanium Sensor, also called content, enables an organization to gather real-time inventory, configuration, and compliance data elements from managed computers. Sensors gather specific information from the local device and then write the results to the computer's standard output channel. The Tanium Client captures that output and forwards the results through the platform's unique "ring" architecture for display in the Tanium Console. The language used for Sensor development is based on the scripting engine available on the largest number of devices under management as well as the scripting experience and background of the people who will be responsible for creating new Sensors. VBScript and PowerShell are examples of common scripting languages used for developing sensors. Because errors in scripting can and will provide errant feedback at best and will impact functionality of the endpoint to which the content is directed, it is imperative to ensure content is only accepted from trusted sources.
SRG-APP-000015
1 Rule
Content providers must provide their public key to the Tanium administrator to import for validating signed content.
Medium Severity
A Tanium Sensor, also called content, enables an organization to gather real-time inventory, configuration, and compliance data elements from managed computers. Sensors gather specific information from the local device and then write the results to the computer's standard output channel. The Tanium Client captures that output and forwards the results through the platform's unique "ring" architecture for display in the Tanium Console. The language used for Sensor development is based on the scripting engine available on the largest number of devices under management as well as the scripting experience and background of the people who will be responsible for creating new Sensors. VBScript and PowerShell are examples of common scripting languages used for developing sensors. Because errors in scripting can and will provide errant feedback at best and will impact functionality of the endpoint to which the content is directed, it is imperative to ensure content is only accepted from trusted sources.
SRG-APP-000015
1 Rule
Tanium public keys of content providers must be validated against documented trusted content providers.
Medium Severity
A Tanium Sensor, also called content, enables an organization to gather real-time inventory, configuration, and compliance data elements from managed computers. Sensors gather specific information from the local device and then write the results to the computer's standard output channel. The Tanium Client captures that output and forwards the results through the platform's unique "ring" architecture for display in the Tanium Console. The language used for Sensor development is based on the scripting engine available on the largest number of devices under management as well as the scripting experience and background of the people who will be responsible for creating new Sensors. VBScript and PowerShell are examples of common scripting languages used for developing sensors. Because errors in scripting can and will provide errant feedback at best and will impact functionality of the endpoint to which the content is directed, it is imperative to ensure content is only accepted from trusted sources.
SRG-APP-000023
1 Rule
The Tanium Application Server must be configured to only use LDAP for account management functions.
Medium Severity
Enterprise environments make application account management challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or other error. To reduce risk, the Tanium Application Server must be configured to allow for LDAP to provide account management functions that immediately enforce the organization's current account policy.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Tanium Computer Groups must be used to restrict console users from affecting changes to unauthorized computers.
Medium Severity
Computer Groups allow a site running Tanium to assign responsibility of specific Computer Groups to specific Tanium console users. By doing so, a desktop administrator, for example, will not have the ability to enforce an action against a high visibility server. For large sites, it is crucial to have the Computer Groups. While a smaller site might not seem to require Computer Groups, creating them provides for a cleaner implementation. All sites will be required to have some kind of Computer Groups configured other than the default "All Computers".
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Documentation identifying Tanium console users, their respective User Groups, Computer Groups, and Roles must be maintained.
Medium Severity
System access must be reviewed periodically to verify all Tanium users are assigned the appropriate functional role, with the least privileged access possible to perform assigned tasks being the recommended best practice to avoid unauthorized access.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
The Tanium application must be configured to use Tanium User Groups in a manner consistent with the model outlined within the environment's system documentation.
Medium Severity
It is important for information system owners to document authorized user groups for the Tanium application to avoid unauthorized access to systems. Misaligned implementation of user groups grants excessive access and results in potential compromise of "need-to-know" when it comes to information access.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Documentation identifying Tanium console users and their respective Computer Group rights must be maintained.
Medium Severity
System access must be reviewed periodically to verify all Tanium users are assigned the appropriate computer groups, with the least privileged access possible to perform assigned tasks. Users who have been removed from the documentation should no longer be configured as a Tanium Console User.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
The Tanium Action Approval feature must be enabled for two-person integrity when deploying actions to endpoints.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Action Approval feature provides a two-person integrity control mechanism designed to achieve a high-level of security and reduce the possibility of error for critical operations. When this feature is enabled, an action configured by one Tanium console user will require a second Tanium console user with a role of Action Approver (or higher) to approve the action before it is deployed to targeted computers. While this system slows workflow, the reliability of actions deployed will be greater on the Packaging and Targeting. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000033, SRG-APP-000488
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The Tanium documentation identifying recognized and trusted IOC streams must be maintained.
Medium Severity
Using trusted and recognized IOC sources may detect and prevent systems from becoming compromised. An IOC stream is a series or stream of IOCs that are imported from a vendor based on a subscription service. An IOC stream can be downloaded manually or on a scheduled basis. The items in an IOC stream can be separately manipulated after they are imported.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
Tanium Threat Response must be configured to receive IOC streams only from trusted sources.
Medium Severity
Using trusted and recognized IOC sources may detect and prevent systems from becoming compromised. An IOC stream is a series or stream of intel that is imported from a vendor based on a subscription service or manually downloaded and placed in a folder. Threat Response can be configured to retrieve the IOC content on a regularly scheduled basis. The items in an IOC stream can be separately manipulated after they are imported.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The Tanium documentation identifying recognized and trusted folders for Threat Response Local Directory Source must be maintained.
Medium Severity
Using trusted and recognized IOC sources may detect and prevent systems from becoming compromised. An IOC stream is a series or stream of IOCs that are imported from a vendor based on a subscription service or manually downloaded and placed in a folder. Threat Response can be configured to retrieve the IOC content on a regularly scheduled basis. The items in an IOC stream can be separately manipulated after they are imported.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The Tanium Threat Response Local Directory Source must be configured to restrict access to only authorized maintainers of Threat Intel.
Medium Severity
Using trusted and recognized IOC sources may detect and prevent systems from becoming compromised. An IOC stream is a series or stream of intel imported from a vendor based on a subscription service or manually downloaded and placed in a folder. Threat Response can be configured to retrieve the IOC content on a regularly scheduled basis. The items in an IOC stream can be separately manipulated after they are imported.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The Tanium documentation identifying recognized and trusted SCAP sources must be maintained.
Medium Severity
NIST validated SCAP XML documents are provided from several possible sources such as DISA, NIST, and the other nongovernment entities. These documents are used as the basis of compliance definitions leveraged to automate compliance auditing of systems. These documents are updated on different frequencies and must be manually downloaded on regular intervals and imported to be current. Nonapproved SCAP definitions lead to a false sense of security when evaluating an enterprise environment.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The Tanium documentation identifying recognized and trusted OVAL feeds must be maintained.
Medium Severity
OVAL XML documents are provided from several possible sources such as the CIS open source repository, or any number of vendor/third-party paid repositories. These documents are used to automate the passive validation of vulnerabilities on systems and therefore require a reasonable level of confidence in their origin. Nonapproved OVAL definitions lead to a false sense of security when evaluating an enterprise environment.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
Tanium Comply must be configured to receive SCAP content only from trusted sources.
Medium Severity
NIST-validated SCAP XML documents are provided from several possible sources such as DISA, NIST, and the other nongovernment entities. These documents are used as the basis of compliance definitions leveraged to automate compliance auditing of systems. These documents are updated on different frequencies and must be manually downloaded on regular intervals and imported to be current. Nonapproved SCAP definitions lead to a false sense of security when evaluating an enterprise environment.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
Tanium Comply must be configured to receive OVAL feeds only from trusted sources.
Medium Severity
OVAL XML documents are provided from several possible sources such as the CIS open source repository, or any number of vendor/third party paid repositories. These documents are used to automate the passive validation of vulnerabilities on systems and therefore require a reasonable level of confidence in their origin. Nonapproved OVAL definitions lead to a false sense of security when evaluating an enterprise environment.
SRG-APP-000068
1 Rule
The publicly accessible Tanium application must display the Standard Mandatory DOD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the application.
Medium Severity
Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the publicly accessible application ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist. The banner must be formatted in accordance with DTM-08-060. Use the following verbiage for desktops, laptops, and other devices accommodating banners of 1300 characters: "You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions: -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations. -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS. -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose. -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests--not for your personal benefit or privacy. -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details." Satisfies: SRG-APP-000068, SRG-APP-000070
SRG-APP-000069
1 Rule
The publicly accessible Tanium application must retain the Standard Mandatory DOD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until users acknowledge the usage conditions and take explicit actions to log on for further access.
Medium Severity
Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the publicly accessible application ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist. The banner must be formatted in accordance with DTM-08-060. Use the following verbiage for desktops, laptops, and other devices accommodating banners of 1300 characters: "You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions: -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations. -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS. -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose. -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests--not for your personal benefit or privacy. -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details."
SRG-APP-000080
1 Rule
Multi-factor authentication must be enabled and enforced on the Tanium Server for all access and all accounts.
Medium Severity
To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Organizational users include organizational employees or individuals the organization deems to have equivalent status of employees (e.g., contractors). Organizational users (and any processes acting on behalf of users) must be uniquely identified and authenticated for all accesses, except the following. (i) Accesses explicitly identified and documented by the organization. Organizations document specific user actions that can be performed on the information system without identification or authentication; and (ii) Accesses that occur through authorized use of group authenticators without individual authentication. Organizations may require unique identification of individuals in group accounts (e.g., shared privilege accounts) or for detailed accountability of individual activity. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000080, SRG-APP-000148, SRG-APP-000149, SRG-APP-000150, SRG-APP-000151, SRG-APP-000152, SRG-APP-000156, SRG-APP-000391, SRG-APP-000392, SRG-APP-000402, SRG-APP-000403, SRG-APP-000005, SRG-APP-000004, SRG-APP-000002
SRG-APP-000108
1 Rule
The Tanium application must alert the ISSO and SA (at a minimum) in the event of an audit processing failure.
Medium Severity
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without this notification, the security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected. Audit processing failures include software/hardware errors, failures in the audit capturing mechanisms, and audit storage capacity being reached or exceeded. This requirement applies to each audit data storage repository (i.e., distinct information system component where audit records are stored), the centralized audit storage capacity of organizations (i.e., all audit data storage repositories combined), or both.
SRG-APP-000111
1 Rule
The Tanium application must be configured to send audit records from multiple components within the system to a central location for review and analysis of audit records.
Medium Severity
Successful incident response and auditing relies on timely, accurate system information and analysis to allow the organization to identify and respond to potential incidents in a proficient manner. If the application does not provide the ability to centrally review the application logs, forensic analysis is negatively impacted. Segregation of logging data to multiple disparate computer systems is counterproductive and makes log analysis and log event alarming difficult to implement and manage, particularly when the system or application has multiple logging components written to different locations or systems. Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include, for example, Security Information Management products.
SRG-APP-000115
1 Rule
The Tanium applications must provide the capability to filter audit records for events of interest based upon organization-defined criteria.
Medium Severity
The ability to specify the event criteria of interest provides the persons reviewing the logs with the ability to quickly isolate and identify these events without having to review entries that are of little or no consequence to the investigation. Without this capability, forensic investigations are impeded. Events of interest can be identified by the content of specific audit record fields including, for example, identities of individuals, event types, event locations, event times, event dates, system resources involved, IP addresses involved, or information objects accessed. Organizations may define audit event criteria to any degree of granularity required, for example, locations selectable by general networking location (e.g., by network or subnetwork) or selectable by specific information system component. This requires applications to provide the capability to customize audit record reports based on organization-defined criteria.
SRG-APP-000119
1 Rule
Access to Tanium logs on each endpoint must be restricted by permissions.
Medium Severity
For the Tanium Client software to run without impact from external negligent or malicious changes, the permissions on the Tanium log files and their directory must be restricted. Tanium is deployed with a Client Hardening Solution. This solution, when applied, will ensure directory permissions are in place.
SRG-APP-000121
1 Rule
The Tanium application must prohibit user installation, modification, or deletion of software without explicit privileged status.
Medium Severity
Allowing regular users to install, modify, or delete software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that the application performs in an inconsistent manner from its design. Explicit privileges (escalated or administrative privileges) provide the regular user with explicit capabilities and control that exceeds the rights of a regular user. Application functionality will vary, and while users are not permitted to install unapproved applications, there may be instances where the organization allows the user to install approved software packages such as from an approved software repository. The application must enforce software installation by users based upon what types of software installations are permitted (e.g., updates and security patches to existing software) and what types of installations are prohibited (e.g., software whose pedigree with regard to being potentially malicious is unknown or suspect) by the organization. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000121, SRG-APP-000122, SRG-APP-000123
SRG-APP-000131
1 Rule
The Tanium cryptographic signing capabilities must be enabled on the Tanium Clients to safeguard the authenticity of communications sessions when answering requests from the Tanium Server.
Medium Severity
All of Tanium's signing capabilities should be enabled upon install. Tanium supports the cryptographic signing and verification before execution of all Sensors, Questions, Actions, Sensor Libraries, File Shards, etc. Enabling signing does away with the ability of an attacker to conduct Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks for the purposes of remote code execution and precludes the modification of the aforementioned data elements in transit. Additionally, Tanium supports object level signing for content ingested into the Tanium platform. This allows for the detection and rejection of changes to objects (sensors, actions, etc.) by even a privileged user within Tanium. Tanium has built-in signing capabilities enabled by default when installed. Cryptographic signing and verification of all Sensors, Questions, Actions, Sensor Libraries, File Shards, etc. before execution will be enforced by Tanium. Signing will prevent MitM remote code execution attacks and will protect data element in transit. Tanium also supports object level signing for content within the Tanium platform. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000131, SRG-APP-000219
SRG-APP-000131
1 Rule
The Tanium cryptographic signing capabilities must be enabled on the Tanium Server.
Medium Severity
All of Tanium's signing capabilities must be enabled upon install. Tanium supports the cryptographic signing and verification before execution of all Sensors, Questions, Actions, Sensor Libraries, File Shards, etc. Enabling signing does away with the ability of an attacker to conduct Man in the Middle (MITM) attacks for the purposes of remote code execution and precludes the modification of the aforementioned data elements in transit. Additionally, Tanium supports object-level signing for content ingested into the Tanium platform. This allows for the detection and rejection of changes to objects (sensors, actions, etc.) by even a privileged user within Tanium. Tanium has built-in signing capabilities enabled by default when installed. Cryptographic signing and verification of all Sensors, Questions, Actions, Sensor Libraries, File Shards, etc., before execution will be enforced by Tanium. Signing will prevent MITM remote code execution attacks and will protect data element in transit. Tanium also supports object-level signing for content within the Tanium platform. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000131, SRG-APP-000233, SRG-APP-000317
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Endpoints for Client-to-Server communications.
Medium Severity
In addition to the client-to-server TCP communication that takes place over port 17472, Tanium Clients also communicate to other Tanium-managed computers over port 17472. Without proper firewall configurations, proper TCP communications may not take place as necessary for application functionality. The Tanium environment can perform hundreds or thousands of times faster than other security or systems management tools because the Tanium Clients communicate in secure, linearly-controlled peer-to-peer rings. Because clients dynamically communicate with other nearby agents based on proximity and latency, rings tend to form automatically to match a customer’s topology—endpoints in California will form one ring while endpoints in Germany will form a separate ring.
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Server for Client-to-Server communications.
Medium Severity
In addition to the client-to-server TCP communication that takes place over port 17472, Tanium Clients also communicate to other Tanium-managed computers over port 17472. Without proper firewall configurations, proper TCP communications may not take place as necessary for application functionality. The Tanium environment can perform hundreds or thousands of times faster than other security or systems management tools because the Tanium Clients communicate in secure, linearly-controlled peer-to-peer rings. Because clients dynamically communicate with other nearby agents based on proximity and latency, rings tend to form automatically to match a customer's topology—endpoints in California will form one ring while endpoints in Germany will form a separate ring. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_deployment_reference/platform_deployment_reference/network_ports.html
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Zone Server for Client-to-Zone Server communications.
Medium Severity
In customer environments using the Tanium Zone Server, a Tanium Client may be configured to point to a Zone Server instead of a Tanium Server. The communication requirements for these Clients are identical to the Server-to-Client requirements. Without proper firewall configurations, proper TCP communications may not take place as necessary for application functionality. Additionally, without proper configuration, organizations may lose complete visibility into endpoints that cannot connect directly to the Tanium Server. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_deployment_reference/platform_deployment_reference/network_ports.html
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
The Tanium Application Server must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of organization-defined functions, ports, protocols, and/or services, as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments.
Medium Severity
To prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable or restrict unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems. Applications are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services provided by default may not be necessary to support essential organizational operations. Additionally, it is sometimes convenient to provide multiple services from a single component (e.g., email and web services); however, doing so increases risk over limiting the services provided by any one component. To support the requirements and principles of least functionality, the application must support the organizational requirements providing only essential capabilities and limiting the use of ports, protocols, and/or services to only those required, authorized, and approved to conduct official business or to address authorized quality of life issues.
SRG-APP-000158
1 Rule
The Tanium endpoint must have the Tanium Servers public key in its installation.
Medium Severity
Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. Remote access is access to DOD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, nonorganization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. Cryptographic mechanisms used for protecting the integrity of information include, for example, signed hash functions using asymmetric cryptography enabling distribution of the public key to verify the hash information while maintaining the confidentiality of the secret key used to generate the hash.
SRG-APP-000164
1 Rule
The Tanium application must enforce a minimum 15-character password length.
Medium Severity
The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.
SRG-APP-000165
1 Rule
The Tanium application must prohibit password reuse for a minimum of five generations.
Medium Severity
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. To meet password policy requirements, passwords need to be changed at specific policy-based intervals. If the information system or application allows the user to consecutively reuse their password when that password has exceeded its defined lifetime, the end result is a password that is not changed as per policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000173
1 Rule
Tanium must enforce 24 hours/1 day as the minimum password lifetime.
Medium Severity
Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement.
SRG-APP-000174
1 Rule
The Tanium application must enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction.
Medium Severity
Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed at specific intervals. One method of minimizing this risk is to use complex passwords and periodically change them. If the application does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the system and/or application passwords could be compromised. This requirement does not include emergency administration accounts which are meant for access to the application in case of failure. These accounts are not required to have maximum password lifetime restrictions.
SRG-APP-000175
1 Rule
The Tanium Server certificates must have Extended Key Usage entries for the serverAuth object TLS Web Server Authentication and the clientAuth object TLS Web Client Authentication.
Medium Severity
Restricting this setting limits the user's ability to change their password. Passwords need to be changed at specific policy based intervals; however, if the application allows the user to immediately and continually change their password, then the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.
SRG-APP-000177
1 Rule
The Tanium application must be configured for LDAP user/group synchronization to map the authenticated identity to the individual user or group account for PKI-based authentication.
Medium Severity
Without mapping the certificate used to authenticate to the user account, the ability to determine the identity of the individual user or group will not be available for forensic analysis.
SRG-APP-000180
1 Rule
The Tanium application must uniquely identify and authenticate nonorganizational users (or processes acting on behalf of nonorganizational users).
Medium Severity
Lack of authentication and identification enables nonorganizational users to gain access to the application or possibly other information systems and provides an opportunity for intruders to compromise resources within the application or information system. Nonorganizational users include all information system users other than organizational users, which include organizational employees or individuals the organization deems to have equivalent status of employees (e.g., contractors and guest researchers). Nonorganizational users must be uniquely identified and authenticated for all accesses other than those accesses explicitly identified and documented by the organization when related to the use of anonymous access, such as accessing a web server.
SRG-APP-000211
1 Rule
The Tanium application must separate user functionality (including user interface services) from information system management functionality.
Medium Severity
Application management functionality includes functions necessary for administration and requires privileged user access. Allowing nonprivileged users to access application management functionality capabilities increases the risk that nonprivileged users may obtain elevated privileges. The separation of user functionality from information system management functionality is either physical or logical and is accomplished by using different computers, different central processing units, different instances of the operating system, different network addresses, different TCP/UDP ports, virtualization techniques, combinations of these methods, or other methods, as appropriate. An example of this type of separation is observed in web administrative interfaces that use separate authentication methods for users of any other information system resources. This may include isolating the administrative interface on a different security domain and with additional access controls.
SRG-APP-000226
1 Rule
The Tanium Server and Client applications must have logging enabled.
Medium Severity
Failure to a known state can address safety or security in accordance with the mission/business needs of the organization. Failure to a known secure state helps prevent a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability in the event of a failure of the information system or a component of the system. Preserving application state information helps to facilitate application restart and return to the operational mode of the organization with less disruption to mission-essential processes.
SRG-APP-000246
1 Rule
The Tanium application must restrict the ability of individuals to use information systems to launch organization-defined Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against other information systems.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Action Approval feature provides a two-person integrity control mechanism designed to achieve a high-level of security and reduce the possibility of error for critical operations and DoS conditions. When this feature is enabled, an action configured by one Tanium console user will require a second Tanium console user with a role of Action Approver (or higher) to approve the action before it is deployed to targeted computers.
SRG-APP-000247
1 Rule
The Tanium application must manage bandwidth throttles to limit the effects of information flooding types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
Medium Severity
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. In the case of application DoS attacks, care must be taken when designing the application to ensure the application makes the best use of system resources. SQL queries have the potential to consume large amounts of CPU cycles if they are not tuned for optimal performance. Web services containing complex calculations requiring large amounts of time to complete can bog down if too many requests for the service are encountered within a short period of time. The methods employed to meet this requirement will vary depending upon the technology the application utilizes. However, a variety of technologies exist to limit or, in some cases, eliminate the effects of application related DoS attacks. Employing increased capacity and bandwidth combined with specialized application layer protection devices and service redundancy may reduce the susceptibility to some DoS attacks.
SRG-APP-000267
1 Rule
The Tanium application must reveal error messages only to the ISSO, ISSM, and SA.
Medium Severity
Only authorized personnel should be aware of errors and the details of the errors. Error messages are an indicator of an organization's operational state or can identify the application. Additionally, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and operational information must not be revealed through error messages to unauthorized personnel or their designated representatives. The structure and content of error messages must be carefully considered by the organization and development team. The extent to which the information system is able to identify and handle error conditions is guided by organizational policy and operational requirements.
SRG-APP-000270
1 Rule
The Tanium application must employ automated mechanisms to determine the state of information system components with regard to flaw remediation using the following frequency: Continuously, where ESS is used; 30 days, for any additional internal network scans not covered by ESS; and annually, for external scans by Computer Network Defense Service Provider (CNDSP).
Medium Severity
Without the use of automated mechanisms to scan for security flaws on a continuous and/or periodic basis, the system components may remain vulnerable to the exploits presented by undetected software flaws. To support this requirement, the flaw remediation application may have automated mechanisms that perform automated scans for security-relevant software updates (e.g., patches, service packs, and hot fixes) and security vulnerabilities of the information system components being monitored. For example, a method of compliance would be an integrated solution incorporating continuous scanning using ESS and periodic scanning using other tools as specified in the requirement.
SRG-APP-000291
1 Rule
Tanium must notify SA and ISSO when accounts are created.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes initial access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply create a new account. Notification of account creation is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail, which documents the creation of application user accounts and notifies administrators and Information System Security Officers (ISSO) exists. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously created and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to offload those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000292
1 Rule
Tanium must notify system administrators and ISSO when accounts are modified.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are modified, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account modification events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000293
1 Rule
Tanium must notify system administrators and ISSO for account disabling actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account disabling events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000294
1 Rule
Tanium must notify system administrators and ISSO for account removal actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account removal events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000295
1 Rule
The Tanium application must set an inactive timeout for sessions.
Medium Severity
Leaving sessions open indefinitely is a major security risk. An attacker can easily use an already authenticated session to access the hosted application as the previously authenticated user. By closing sessions after a set period of inactivity, the web server can make certain that sessions not closed through the user logging out of an application are eventually closed. Acceptable values are 5 minutes for high-value applications, 10 minutes for medium-value applications, and 20 minutes for low-value applications.
SRG-APP-000317
1 Rule
The Tanium Application Server must be configured with a connector to sync to Microsoft Active Directory for account management functions.
Medium Severity
By restricting access to the Tanium Server to only Microsoft Active Directory, user accounts and related permissions can be strictly monitored. Account management will be under the operational responsibility of the System Administrator for the Windows Operation System Active Directory. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000233 Satisfies: SRG-APP-000317, SRG-APP-000233
SRG-APP-000320
1 Rule
Tanium must notify system administrator and ISSO of account enabling actions.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Sending notification of account enabling events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and also provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To detect and respond to events that affect user accessibility and application processing, applications must notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to offload those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000328
1 Rule
Control of the Tanium Client service must be restricted to SYSTEM access only for all managed clients.
Medium Severity
The reliability of the Tanium client's ability to operate depends upon controlling access to the Tanium client service. By restricting access to SYSTEM access only, the non-Tanium system administrator will not have the ability to impact operability of the service.
SRG-APP-000328
1 Rule
The ability to uninstall the Tanium Client service must be disabled on all managed clients.
Medium Severity
By default, end users have the ability to uninstall software on their clients. In the event the Tanium Client software is uninstalled, the Tanium Server is unable to manage the client and must redeploy to the client. Preventing the software from being displayed in the client's Add/Remove Programs will lessen the risk of the software being uninstalled by non-Tanium System Administrators.
SRG-APP-000328
1 Rule
The permissions on the Tanium Client directory must be restricted to only the SYSTEM account on all managed clients.
Medium Severity
By restricting access to the Tanium Client directory on managed clients, the Tanium client's ability to operate and function as designed will be protected from malicious attack and unintentional modifications by end users.
SRG-APP-000357
1 Rule
The Tanium application must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements.
Medium Severity
In order to ensure applications have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, applications need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial installation of the application and is closely associated with the DBA and system administrator roles. The DBA or system administrator will usually coordinate the allocation of physical drive space with the application owner/installer and the application will prompt the installer to provide the capacity information, the physical location of the disk, or both.
SRG-APP-000358
1 Rule
The Tanium application must offload audit records onto a different system or media than the system being audited.
Medium Severity
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Offloading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.
SRG-APP-000359
1 Rule
The Tanium application must provide an immediate warning to the SA and ISSO (at a minimum) when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75 percent of repository maximum audit record storage capacity.
Medium Severity
If security personnel are not notified immediately upon storage volume utilization reaching 75 percent, they are unable to plan for storage capacity expansion.
SRG-APP-000360
1 Rule
The Tanium application must provide an immediate real-time alert to the SA and ISSO, at a minimum, of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts.
Medium Severity
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected. Alerts provide organizations with urgent messages. Real-time alerts provide these messages immediately (i.e., the time from event detection to alert occurs in seconds or less).
SRG-APP-000377
1 Rule
Access to the Tanium Application Servers must be restricted. Only the designated administrator(s) can have elevated privileges to the Tanium Application Servers.
Low Severity
Unauthorized software not only increases risk by increasing the number of potential vulnerabilities, it also can contain malicious code. Sending an alert (in real time) when unauthorized software is detected allows designated personnel to take action on the installation of unauthorized software. This requirement applies to configuration management applications or similar types of applications designed to manage system processes and configurations (e.g., ESS and software wrappers).
SRG-APP-000378
1 Rule
The Tanium application must prohibit user installation of software without explicit privileged status.
Medium Severity
Allowing regular users to install software without explicit privileges creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. Explicit privileges (escalated or administrative privileges) provide the regular user with explicit capabilities and control that exceeds the rights of a regular user. Application functionality will vary, and while users are not permitted to install unapproved applications, there may be instances where the organization allows the user to install approved software packages such as from an approved software repository. The application must enforce software installation by users based upon what types of software installations are permitted (e.g., updates and security patches to existing software) and what types of installations are prohibited (e.g., software whose pedigree with regard to being potentially malicious is unknown or suspect) by the organization. This requirement applies, for example, to applications that provide the ability to extend application functionality (e.g., plug-ins, add-ons) and software management applications.
SRG-APP-000380
1 Rule
The application must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to application configuration.
Medium Severity
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to application configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system and/or application can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the system. Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed to obtain access to application components for the purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications. Logical access restrictions include, for example, controls that restrict access to workflow automation, media libraries, abstract layers (e.g., changes implemented into third-party interfaces rather than directly into information systems), and change windows (e.g., changes occur only during specified times, making unauthorized changes easy to discover).
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Server for Console-to-Server communications.
Medium Severity
An HTML5 based application, the Tanium Console runs from any device with a browser that supports HTML5. For security, the HTTP and SOAP communication to the Tanium Server is SSL encrypted, so the Tanium Server installer configures the server to listen for HTTP and SOAP requests on port 443. Without a proper connection to the Tanium Server, access to the system capabilities could be denied. Port Needed: To Tanium Server over TCP port 443. Network firewall rules: Allow HTTP traffic on TCP port 443 from any computer on the internal network to the Tanium Server device. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_install/platform_install/reference_network_ports.html.
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Server for Server-to-Database communications.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Server can use either a SQL Server RDBMS installed locally to the same device as the Tanium Server application or a remote dedicated or shared SQL Server instance. Using a local SQL Server database typically requires no changes to network firewall rules since all communication remains on the Tanium application server device. To access database resources installed to a remote device, however, the Tanium Server service communicates over the port reserved for SQL, by default port 1433, to the database. Port Needed: Tanium Server to Remote SQL Server over TCP port 1433. Network firewall rules: Allow TCP traffic on port 1433 from the Tanium Server device to the remote device hosting the SQL Server RDBMS. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_install/platform_install/reference_network_ports.html.
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium module server to allow Server-to-Module Server communications from the Tanium Server.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Module Server is used to extend the functionality of Tanium through the use of various workbenches. The Tanium Module Server requires communication with the Tanium Server on port 17477. Without a proper connection from the Tanium Server to the Tanium Module Server, access to the system capabilities could be denied. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_install/platform_install/reference_network_ports.html.
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Server for Server-to-Module Server communications.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Module Server is used to extend the functionality of Tanium through the use of various workbenches. The Tanium Module Server requires communication with the Tanium Server on port 17477. Without a proper connection from the Tanium Server to the Tanium Module Server, access to the system capabilities could be denied. https://docs.tanium.com/platform_install/platform_install/reference_network_ports.html.
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
Firewall rules must be configured on the Tanium Server for Server-to-Zone Server communications.
Medium Severity
If using the Tanium Zone Server to proxy traffic from Tanium-managed computers on less trusted network segments to the Tanium Server on the core network, then the Tanium Zone Server Hub, typically installed to the Tanium Server device must be able to connect to the Zone Server(s) in the DMZ. This is the only configuration that requires outbound traffic to be allowed on port 17472 from the Tanium Server device. The ZoneServerList.txt configuration file located in the Tanium Zone Server Hub's installation folder identifies the addresses of the destination Zone Servers. See the Zone Server Configuration page for more details. Port Needed: Tanium Server to Zone Server over TCP port 17472. Network firewall rules: Allow TCP traffic on port 17472 from the Zone Server Hub, usually the Tanium Server device, to the destination DMZ devices(s) hosting the Zone Server(s). Endpoint firewall rules—for additional security, configure the following endpoint firewall rules: Allow TCP traffic outbound on port 17472 from only the Zone Server Hub process running on the Tanium Server device. Allow TCP traffic inbound on port 17472 to only the Zone Server process running on the designated Zone Server device(s). https://docs.tanium.com/platform_install/platform_install/reference_network_ports.html.
SRG-APP-000416
1 Rule
The SSLHonorCipherOrder must be configured to disable weak encryption algorithms on the Tanium Server.
Medium Severity
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated.
SRG-APP-000416
1 Rule
The SSLCipherSuite must be configured to disable weak encryption algorithms on the Tanium Server.
Medium Severity
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated.
SRG-APP-000427
1 Rule
The Tanium Server certificate must be signed by a DOD Certificate Authority.
Medium Severity
The Tanium Server has the option to use a "self-signed" certificate or a Trusted Certificate Authority signed certificate for SSL connections. During evaluations of Tanium in Lab settings, customers often conclude that a "self-signed" certificate is an acceptable risk. However, in production environments it is critical that a SSL certificate signed by a Trusted Certificate Authority be used on the Tanium Server in lieu of an untrusted and insecure "self-signed" certificate.
SRG-APP-000435
1 Rule
The Tanium application must limit the bandwidth used in communicating with endpoints to prevent a denial of service (DoS) condition at the server.
Medium Severity
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. This requirement addresses the configuration of applications to mitigate the impact of DoS attacks that have occurred or are ongoing on application availability. For each application, known and potential DoS attacks must be identified and solutions for each type implemented. A variety of technologies exist to limit or, in some cases, eliminate the effects of DoS attacks (e.g., limiting processes or restricting the number of sessions the application opens at one time). Employing increased capacity and bandwidth, combined with service redundancy, may reduce the susceptibility to some DoS attacks.
SRG-APP-000456
1 Rule
The Tanium application must install security-relevant software updates within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
Medium Severity
Security flaws with software applications are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered security vulnerabilities. Organizations (including any contractor to the organization) are required to promptly install security-relevant software updates (e.g., patches, service packs, and hot fixes). Flaws discovered during security assessments, continuous monitoring, incident response activities, or information system error handling must also be addressed expeditiously. Organization-defined time periods for updating security-relevant software may vary based on a variety of factors including, for example, the security category of the information system or the criticality of the update (i.e., severity of the vulnerability related to the discovered flaw). This requirement will apply to software patch management solutions that are used to install patches across the enclave and also to applications themselves that are not part of that patch management solution. For example, many browsers today provide the capability to install their own patch software. Patch criticality, as well as system criticality will vary. Therefore, the tactical situations regarding the patch management process will also vary. This means that the time period utilized must be a configurable parameter. Time frames for application of security-relevant software updates may be dependent upon the Information Assurance Vulnerability Management (IAVM) process. The application will be configured to check for and install security-relevant software updates within an identified time period from the availability of the update. The specific time period will be defined by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
SRG-APP-000471
1 Rule
Tanium must alert the ISSO, ISSM, and other individuals designated by the local organization when the following Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) or potential compromise are detected: real time intrusion detection; threats identified by authoritative sources (e.g., CTOs); and Category I, II, IV, and VII incidents in accordance with CJCSM 6510.01B.
Medium Severity
When a security event occurs, the application that has detected the event must immediately notify the appropriate support personnel so they can respond appropriately. Alerts may be generated from a variety of sources, including, audit records or inputs from malicious code protection mechanisms, intrusion detection, or prevention mechanisms. Alerts may be transmitted, for example, telephonically, by electronic mail messages, or by text messaging. Individuals designated by the local organization to receive alerts may include, for example, system administrators, mission/business owners, or system owners. IOCs are forensic artifacts from intrusions identified on organizational information systems (at the host or network level). IOCs provide organizations with valuable information on objects or information systems that have been compromised. These indicators reflect the occurrence of a compromise or a potential compromise. This requirement applies to applications that provide monitoring capability for unusual/unauthorized activities including, but not limited to, host-based intrusion detection, antivirus, and malware applications.
SRG-APP-000515
1 Rule
The application must, at a minimum, offload interconnected systems in real time and offload standalone systems weekly.
Medium Severity
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Offloading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Tanium Client processes must be excluded from on-access scan.
Medium Severity
Similar to any other host-based applications, the Tanium Client is subject to the restrictions other system-level software may place on an operating environment. That is to say that Antivirus, IPS, Encryption, or other security and management stack software may disallow the Client from working as expected. https://docs.tanium.com/client/client/requirements.html#Host_system_security_exceptions
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Tanium Client directory and subsequent files must be excluded from on-access scan.
Medium Severity
Similar to any other host-based applications, the Tanium Client is subject to the restrictions other system-level software may place on an operating environment. That is to say that Antivirus, IPS, Encryption, or other security and management stack software may disallow the Client from working as expected. https://docs.tanium.com/client/client/requirements.html#Host_system_security_exceptions
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Tanium endpoint files must be excluded from host-based intrusion prevention intervention.
Medium Severity
Similar to any other host-based applications, the Tanium Client is subject to the restrictions other system-level software may place on an operating environment. Antivirus, IPS, Encryption, or other security and management stack software may disallow the Tanium Server from working as expected. https://docs.tanium.com/client/client/requirements.html#Host_system_security_exceptions
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Tanium Server directory and subsequent files must be excluded from on-access scan.
Medium Severity
Similar to any other host-based applications, the Tanium Server is subject to the restrictions other system-level software may place on an operating environment. Antivirus, IPS, Encryption, or other security and management stack software may disallow the Tanium Server from working as expected. https://docs.tanium.com/client/client/requirements.html#Host_system_security_exceptions
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Tanium Server processes must be excluded from on-access scan.
Medium Severity
Similar to any other host-based applications, the Tanium Server is subject to the restrictions other system-level software may place on an operating environment. Antivirus, IPS, Encryption, or other security and management stack software may disallow the Tanium Server from working as expected. https://docs.tanium.com/client/client/requirements.html#Host_system_security_exceptions
SRG-APP-000001
1 Rule
The Tanium max_soap_sessions_total setting must be explicitly enabled to limit the number of simultaneous sessions.
Medium Severity
Application management includes the ability to control the number of users and user sessions that utilize an application. Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user is helpful in limiting risks related to DoS attacks. This requirement may be met via the application or by utilizing information system, session control provided by a web server with specialized session management capabilities. If it has been specified that this requirement will be handled by the application, the capability to limit the maximum number of concurrent single user sessions must be designed and built in to the application. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for information system accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by single users via multiple system accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based upon mission needs and the operational environment for each system.