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XCCDF
Riverbed NetProfiler Security Technical Implementation Guide
Riverbed NetProfiler Security Technical Implementation Guide
An XCCDF Benchmark
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File Metadata
25 rules organized in 25 groups
SRG-APP-000026-NDM-000208
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to automatically generate DOD-required audit records with sufficient information to support incident reporting to a central log server.
High Severity
Auditing can be disabled in the NetProfiler. The aggregation of log data kept on a syslog server can be used to detect attacks and trigger an alert to the appropriate security personnel. Upon gaining access to a network device, an attacker often attempts to create or change accounts to ensure continued access. Audit records and alerts with sufficient information to provide the information system security officer (ISSO) with forensic information about the incident can alert administrators to an ongoing attack attempt. The Riverbed NetProfiler audit log generates sufficient information by default to fulfill DOD requirements when the audit setting "Log all Audit Events" is selected. Sites may also fine-tune using the "Log custom set of audit events" and selecting applicable settings; however, this method may fail to capture all required audit records. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000026-NDM-000208, SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000350, SRG-APP-000027-NDM-000209, SRG-APP-000028-NDM-000210, SRG-APP-000029-NDM-000211, SRG-APP-000092-NDM-000224, SRG-APP-000095-NDM-000225, SRG-APP-000096-NDM-000226, SRG-APP-000097-NDM-000227, SRG-APP-000098-NDM-000228, SRG-APP-000099-NDM-000229, SRG-APP-000100-NDM-000230, SRG-APP-000101-NDM-000231, SRG-APP-000381-NDM-000305, SRG-APP-000080-NDM-000220, SRG-APP-000091-NDM-000223, SRG-APP-000343-NDM-000289, SRG-APP-000495-NDM-000318, SRG-APP-000499-NDM-000319, SRG-APP-000503-NDM-000320, SRG-APP-000504-NDM-000321
SRG-APP-000065-NDM-000214
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts, after which time it must block any login attempt for 30 minutes, at a minimum.
Medium Severity
By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute forcing, is reduced. in NetProfiler, the default "Number of log-in attempts before account is locked" is 3, and the default "Number of minutes to keep account locked" is 30.
SRG-APP-000068-NDM-000215
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to display the Standard Mandatory DOD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to the device.
Medium Severity
Display of the DOD-approved use notification before granting access to the network device ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance. System use notifications are required only for access via logon interfaces with human users.
SRG-APP-000069-NDM-000216
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to retain the Standard Mandatory DOD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until the administrator acknowledges the usage conditions and takes explicit actions to log on for further access.
Medium Severity
The administrator must acknowledge the banner prior to the device allowing the administrator access to the network device. This provides assurance that the administrator has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If the administrator does not acknowledge the consent banner, DOD will not be in compliance with system use notifications required by law. To establish acceptance of the network administration policy, a click-through banner at management session logon is required. The device must prevent further activity until the administrator executes a positive action to manifest agreement. In the case of CLI access using a terminal client, entering the username and password when the banner is presented is considered an explicit action of acknowledgement. Entering the username, viewing the banner, and then entering the password is also acceptable.
SRG-APP-000142-NDM-000245
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to prohibit the use of all unnecessary and/or nonsecure functions, ports, protocols, and/or services.
Medium Severity
To prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable unused or unnecessary physical and logical ports/protocols on information systems. To support the requirements and principles of least functionality, the network device must support the organizational requirements providing only essential capabilities and limiting the use of ports, protocols, and/or services to only those required, authorized, and approved. Some network devices have capabilities enabled by default; if these capabilities are not necessary, they must be disabled. If a particular capability is used, it must be documented and approved. NOTE: Configuration of the network firewall is out of scope for this STIG. However, the network firewall must be configured to ONLY allow the following ports to the Riverbed NetProfiler. - TCP/22 – (SSH) Used for secure shell access to SteelCentral software components and for the appliance to obtain information from servers via scripts. - TCP/443 – Used to secure web-based management interfaces. - TCP/8443 – Used for exchange of encryption certificates between SteelCentral products. - TCP/41017 – Used for encrypted communication between NetProfiler and Flow Gateway, NetShark, and AppResponse appliances. - TCP/5432 – (ODBC) Enable this port if plans are to enable other applications' access to the NetProfiler internal database via ODBC. - TCP/42999 – Enable traffic on this port if the intent is to use the NetProfiler user identification feature with a Microsoft Active Directory domain controller. - UDP/123 – (NTP) Used for synchronization of time between a Flow Gateway and NetProfiler. - UDP/161 – (SNMP) Used by the NetProfiler or Flow Gateway to obtain interface information from switches, routers, firewalls, SteelHeads, and any sFlow or Netflow sources. Also, management systems use this port to read the SteelCentral product Management Information Base (MIB). - Vulnerability scanner ports – Use of the NetProfiler vulnerability scan feature requires allowing traffic on the port the SteelCentral product uses to access the vulnerability scanner server. Obtain the vulnerability scanner server addresses and port numbers from the administrator of those systems. The default ports are: - Nessus: 1241 - nCircle: 443 - Rapid7: 3780 - Qualys: Requires external https access to qualysapi.qualys.com (Note: This is separate from qualysguard.qualys.com.) - Foundstone: 3800
SRG-APP-000148-NDM-000346
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured with only one local account to be used as the account of last resort in the event the authentication server is unavailable.
Medium Severity
Authentication for administrative (privileged-level) access to the device is required at all times. An account can be created on the device's local database for use when the authentication server is down or connectivity between the device and the authentication server is not operable. This account is referred to as the account of last resort because it is intended to be used as a last resort and when immediate administrative access is absolutely necessary. The account of last resort logon credentials must be stored in a sealed envelope and kept in a safe. The safe must be periodically audited to verify the envelope remains sealed. The signature of the auditor and the date of the audit should be added to the envelope as a record. Administrators should secure the credentials and disable the root account (if possible) when not needed for system administration functions.
SRG-APP-000153-NDM-000249
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to authenticate each administrator prior to authorizing privileges based on roles.
High Severity
The lack of role-based access control could result in the immediate compromise of and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Additionally, without mapping the PKI certificate to a unique user account, the ability to determine the identities of individuals or assert nonrepudiation is lost. Individual accountability mandates that each administrator is uniquely identified. For public key infrastructure (PKI)-based authentication, the device must be configured to map validated certificates to unique user accounts. This requirement applies to accounts or roles created and managed on or by the network device. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000153-NDM-000249, SRG-APP-000119-NDM-000236, SRG-APP-000120-NDM-000237, SRG-APP-000121-NDM-000238, SRG-APP-000122-NDM-000239, SRG-APP-000123-NDM-000240, SRG-APP-000329-NDM-000287, SRG-APP-000177-NDM-000263, SRG-APP-000033-NDM-000212
SRG-APP-000164-NDM-000252
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to enforce a minimum 15-character password length.
Medium Severity
Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000164-NDM-000252, SRG-APP-000170-NDM-000329
SRG-APP-000166-NDM-000254
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must configure the local account password to "require mixed case".
Medium Severity
Use of complex passwords helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password is, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using public key infrastructure (PKI) is not available and for the account of last resort and root account. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000166-NDM-000254, SRG-APP-000167-NDM-000255
SRG-APP-000169-NDM-000257
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must require that at least one special character be used.
Medium Severity
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Multifactor authentication (MFA) is required for all administrative and user accounts on network devices, except for an account of last resort and (where applicable) a root account. Passwords should only be used when MFA using public key infrastructure (PKI) is not available and for the account of last resort and root account.
SRG-APP-000190-NDM-000267
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to terminate all network connections associated with a device management session at the end of the session, or the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity except to fulfill documented and validated mission requirements.
High Severity
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, deallocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level or deallocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single, operating system-level network connection. This does not mean the device terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
SRG-APP-000373-NDM-000298
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to synchronize internal information system clocks using redundant authoritative time sources.
Medium Severity
The loss of connectivity to a particular authoritative time source will result in the loss of time synchronization (free-run mode) and increasingly inaccurate time stamps on audit events and other functions. Multiple time sources provide redundancy by including a secondary source. Time synchronization is usually a hierarchy; clients synchronize time to a local source while that source synchronizes its time to a more accurate source. The network device must use an authoritative time server and/or be configured to use redundant authoritative time sources. This requirement is related to the comparison done in CCI-001891. DOD-approved solutions consist of a combination of a primary and secondary time source using a combination or multiple instances of the following: a time server designated for the appropriate DOD network (NIPRNet/SIPRNet); United States Naval Observatory (USNO) time servers; and/or the Global Positioning System (GPS). The secondary time source must be located in a different geographic region than the primary time source.
SRG-APP-000374-NDM-000299
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to record time stamps for audit records that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Medium Severity
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Time is commonly expressed in UTC, a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local time with an offset from UTC.
SRG-APP-000375-NDM-000300
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision.
Medium Severity
Without sufficient granularity of time stamps, it is not possible to adequately determine the chronological order of records. Time stamps generated by the application include date and time. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks.
SRG-APP-000395-NDM-000310
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to authenticate SNMP messages using a FIPS-validated Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC).
Medium Severity
Without authenticating devices, unidentified or unknown devices may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity. Bidirectional authentication provides stronger safeguards to validate the identity of other devices for connections that are of greater risk. A local connection is any connection with a device communicating without the use of a network. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area or wide area network, internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the internet). Because of the challenges of applying this requirement on a large scale, organizations are encouraged to apply the requirement only to those limited number (and type) of devices that truly need to support this capability.
SRG-APP-000395-NDM-000347
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to authenticate Network Time Protocol (NTP) sources using authentication that is cryptographically based.
Medium Severity
If NTP is not authenticated, an attacker can introduce a rogue NTP server. This rogue server can then be used to send incorrect time information to network devices, which will make log timestamps inaccurate and affect scheduled actions. NTP authentication is used to prevent this tampering by authenticating the time source.
SRG-APP-000412-NDM-000331
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to implement cryptographic mechanisms using a FIPS 140-2/140-3 validated algorithm to protect the confidentiality and integrity of all cryptographic functions.
High Severity
If unsecured protocols (lacking cryptographic mechanisms) are used for sessions, the contents of those sessions will be susceptible to eavesdropping, potentially putting sensitive data (including administrator passwords) at risk of compromise and allowing hijacking of maintenance sessions. Network devices using encryption are required to use FIPS-compliant mechanisms for authenticating to cryptographic modules. FIPS 140-2/140-3 is the current standard for validating that mechanisms used to access cryptographic modules use authentication that meets DOD requirements. However, authentication algorithms must configure security processes to use only FIPS-approved and NIST-recommended authentication algorithms. Currently, HMAC is the only FIPS-validated algorithm for generating and verifying message/data authentication codes in accordance with FIPS 198-1. Products that are FIPS 140-2/140-3 validated will have an HMAC that meets specification; however, the option must be configured for use as the only message authentication code used for authentication to cryptographic modules. All protocols (e.g., SNMPv3, SSHv2, NTP, HTTPS, HMAC, password authentication, remote communications, password encryption, random number/session ID generation, and other protocols and cryptograph applications/functions that require server/client authentication) are to be FIPS 140-2/140-3 validated. Where SSH is used, the SSHv2 protocol suite is required because it includes Layer 7 protocols such as SCP and SFTP, which can be used for secure file transfers. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000412-NDM-000331, SRG-APP-000156-NDM-000250, SRG-APP-000171-NDM-000258, SRG-APP-000172-NDM-000259, SRG-APP-000179-NDM-000265, SRG-APP-000224-NDM-000270, SRG-APP-000411-NDM-000330
SRG-APP-000435-NDM-000315
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to protect against known types of denial-of-service (DOS) attacks by restricting web and SSH access to the appliance.
Medium Severity
DOS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. This requirement addresses the configuration of network devices to mitigate the impact of DOS attacks that have occurred or are ongoing on device availability. For each network device, known and potential DOS attacks must be identified and solutions for each type implemented. A variety of technologies exist to limit or, in some cases, eliminate the effects of DOS attacks (e.g., limiting processes or restricting the number of sessions the device opens at one time). Employing increased capacity and bandwidth, combined with service redundancy, may reduce the susceptibility to some DOS attacks. The security safeguards cannot be defined at the DOD level because they vary according to the capabilities of the individual network devices and the security controls applied on the adjacent networks (for example, firewalls performing packet filtering to block DOS attacks).
SRG-APP-000515-NDM-000325
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to use redundant Syslog servers that are configured on a different system than the NetProfiler appliance.
Medium Severity
Information stored in one location is vulnerable to accidental or incidental deletion or alteration. Offloading is a common process in information systems with limited audit storage capacity.
SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000336
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to use an authentication server to authenticate users prior to granting administrative access.
High Severity
Centralized management of authentication settings increases the security of remote and nonlocal access methods. This control is particularly important protection against the insider threat. With robust centralized management, audit records for administrator account access to the organization's network devices can be more readily analyzed for trends and anomalies. The alternative method of defining administrator accounts on each device exposes the device configuration to remote access authentication attacks and system administrators with multiple authenticators for each network device.
SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000344
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to obtain its public key certificates from an appropriate certificate policy through an approved service provider.
Medium Severity
For user certificates, each organization obtains certificates from an approved, shared service provider, as required by OMB policy. For federal agencies operating a legacy public key infrastructure cross-certified with the Federal Bridge Certification Authority at medium assurance or higher, this certification authority will suffice.
SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000351
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to run an operating system release that is currently supported by the vendor.
High Severity
Network devices running an unsupported operating system lack current security fixes required to mitigate the risks associated with recent vulnerabilities.
SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000340
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to conduct backups of system-level information and system documentation, including security-related documentation, when changes occur or weekly, whichever is sooner.
Low Severity
System-level information includes default and customized settings and security attributes, including access control lists (ACLs) that relate to the network device configuration, as well as software required for the execution and operation of the device. Information system backup is a critical step in ensuring system integrity and availability. If the system fails and there is no backup of the system-level information, a denial-of-service condition is possible for all who use this critical network component. This control requires the network device to support the organizational central backup process for system-level information associated with the network device. This function may be provided by the network device itself; however, the preferred best practice is a centralized backup rather than each network device performing discrete backups. The backup feature securely copies traffic and configuration information to a specified backup system. NetProfiler cannot be configured to automatically run backups, but backups can be configured and run manually via the Backup page. Manually back up the system periodically in accordance with the site System Security Plan (SSP). NetExpress packet logs and index files are not backed up. Additionally, capture jobs are not restored if the backup and restore operations are performed from a physical NetExpress to a virtual edition or vice versa. The NetProfiler uses the SSH public key to connect to a backup server for running backups. Satisfies: SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000340, SRG-APP-000516-NDM-000341
SRG-APP-000317-NDM-000282
1 Rule
The network device must terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group.
Medium Severity
A shared/group account credential is a shared form of authentication that allows multiple individuals to access the network device using a single account. If shared/group account credentials are not terminated when individuals leave the group, the user that left the group can still gain access even though they are no longer authorized. There may also be instances when specific user actions need to be performed on the network device without unique administrator identification or authentication. Examples of credentials include passwords and group membership certificates. The “mazu” account is the local Linux OS account created and used by the NetProfiler and Flow Gateway application for ownership of application, configuration, and data files stored on the appliance. Operations such as changing appliance settings and running reports on a cluster, as well as using backup/restore functionality rely on the existence of the “mazu” user. The account is required for proper operation of the solution. However, the ability to login to this account can be disabled on the Security Compliance page, as well as firewall rules can be used to restrict the remote access.
SRG-APP-000001-NDM-000200
1 Rule
The Riverbed NetProfiler must be configured to limit the number of concurrent sessions to one for the locally defined administrator account.
Low Severity
Device management includes the ability to control the number of administrators and management sessions that manage a device. Limiting the number of allowed administrators and sessions per administrator based on account type, role, or access type is helpful in limiting risks related to denial-of-service (DOS) attacks. This requirement addresses concurrent sessions for administrative accounts and does not address concurrent sessions by a single administrator via multiple administrative accounts. The maximum number of concurrent sessions should be defined based on mission needs and the operational environment for each system. At a minimum, limits must be set for SSH, HTTPS, account of last resort, and root account sessions.