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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Ubuntu 22.04

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Disable SNMP Server if Possible

    The system includes an SNMP daemon that allows for its remote monitoring, though it not installed by default. If it was installed and activated but...
    Group
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  • Uninstall net-snmp Package

    The <code>snmp</code> package provides the snmpd service. The <code>snmp</code> package can be removed with the following command: <pre> $ apt-get...
    Rule Unknown Severity
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  • Configure SNMP Server if Necessary

    If it is necessary to run the snmpd agent on the system, some best practices should be followed to minimize the security risk from the installation...
    Group
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  • SNMP read-only community string

    Specify the SNMP community string used for read-only access.
    Value
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  • SSH Server

    The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between tw...
    Group
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  • SSH enabled firewalld zone

    Specify firewalld zone to enable SSH service. This value is used only for remediation purposes.
    Value
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  • SSH Approved ciphers by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved ciphers that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
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  • SSH Approved MACs by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved MACs (message authentication code) algorithms that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
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  • SSH session Idle time

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
    Value
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  • SSH Server Listening Port

    Specify port the SSH server is listening.
    Value
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  • SSH Max authentication attempts

    Specify the maximum number of authentication attempts per connection.
    Value
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  • SSH is required to be installed

    Specify if the Policy requires SSH to be installed. Used by SSH Rules to determine if SSH should be uninstalled or configured.<br> A value of 0 mea...
    Value
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  • SSH Strong KEX by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved KEXs (Key Exchange Algorithms) algorithms that are used for methods in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exch...
    Value
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  • SSH Max Sessions Count

    Specify the maximum number of open sessions permitted.
    Value
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  • SSH Max Keep Alive Count

    Specify the maximum number of idle message counts before session is terminated.
    Value
    Show

  • Install the OpenSSH Server Package

    The <code>openssh-server</code> package should be installed. The <code>openssh-server</code> package can be installed with the following command: <...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Remove the OpenSSH Server Package

    The <code>openssh-server</code> package should be removed. The <code>openssh-server</code> package can be removed with the following command: <pre>...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable SSH Server If Possible

    The SSH server service, sshd, is commonly needed. However, if it can be disabled, do so. This is unusual, as SSH is a common method for encrypted ...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns SSH Server config file

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Owner on SSH Server config file

    To properly set the owner of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server config file

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys - files that match the <code>/etc/ssh/*_key</code> glob, have to have restricted permissions. If those files are owned by t...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/*.pub, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ssh/*.pub
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Remove SSH Server iptables Firewall exception (Unusual)

    By default, inbound connections to SSH's port are allowed. If the SSH server is not being used, this exception should be removed from the firewall ...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Configure OpenSSH Client if Necessary

    The following configuration changes apply to the SSH client. They can improve security parameters relwevant to the client user, e.g. increasing ent...
    Group
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  • Configure OpenSSH Server if Necessary

    If the system needs to act as an SSH server, then certain changes should be made to the OpenSSH daemon configuration file <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_confi...
    Group
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  • SSH RekeyLimit - size

    Specify the size component of the rekey limit.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH RekeyLimit - size

    Specify the size component of the rekey limit.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Compression Setting

    Specify the compression setting for SSH connections.
    Value
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  • SSH Privilege Separation Setting

    Specify whether and how sshd separates privileges when handling incoming network connections.
    Value
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  • SSH LoginGraceTime setting

    Configure parameters for how long the servers stays connected before the user has successfully logged in
    Value
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  • SSH MaxStartups setting

    Configure parameters for maximum concurrent unauthenticated connections to the SSH daemon.
    Value
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  • Set SSH Client Alive Count Max

    The SSH server sends at most <code>ClientAliveCountMax</code> messages during a SSH session and waits for a response from the SSH client. The optio...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set SSH Client Alive Interval

    SSH allows administrators to set a network responsiveness timeout interval. After this interval has passed, the unresponsive client will be automat...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Allow Only SSH Protocol 2

    Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted. The default setting in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> is correct, and can be verifi...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Disable Compression Or Set Compression to delayed

    Compression is useful for slow network connections over long distances but can cause performance issues on local LANs. If use of compression is req...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable GSSAPI Authentication

    Unless needed, SSH should not permit extraneous or unnecessary authentication mechanisms like GSSAPI. <br> The default SSH configuration disallows ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable PubkeyAuthentication Authentication

    Unless needed, SSH should not permit extraneous or unnecessary authentication mechanisms. To disable PubkeyAuthentication authentication, add or co...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Root Shell Environment Assumed

    Most of the actions listed in this document are written with the assumption that they will be executed by the root user running the <code>/bin/bash...
    Group
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  • Disable SSH Support for Rhosts RSA Authentication

    SSH can allow authentication through the obsolete rsh command through the use of the authenticating user's SSH keys. This should be disabled. <br><...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH Root Login

    The root user should never be allowed to login to a system directly over a network. To disable root login via SSH, add or correct the following lin...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH root Login with a Password (Insecure)

    To disable password-based root logins over SSH, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/00-complianceascode-hardening.c...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH TCP Forwarding

    The <code>AllowTcpForwarding</code> parameter specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. To disable TCP forwarding, add or correct the followin...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable X11 Forwarding

    The X11Forwarding parameter provides the ability to tunnel X11 traffic through the connection to enable remote graphic connections. SSH has the cap...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Do Not Allow SSH Environment Options

    Ensure that users are not able to override environment variables of the SSH daemon. <br> The default SSH configuration disables environment process...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Enable GSSAPI Authentication

    Sites setup to use Kerberos or other GSSAPI Authenticaion require setting sshd to accept this authentication. To enable GSSAPI authentication, add ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

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