Guide to the Secure Configuration of Oracle Linux 8
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Ensure All Accounts on the System Have Unique User IDs
Change user IDs (UIDs), or delete accounts, so each has a unique name.Rule Medium Severity -
Only Authorized Local User Accounts Exist on Operating System
Enterprise Application tends to use the server or virtual machine exclusively. Besides the default operating system user, there should be only authorized local users required by the installed softw...Rule Medium Severity -
number of days after the last login of the user when the user will be locked out
'This option is specific for the auth or account phase. It specifies the number of days after the last login of the user when the user will be locked out by the pam_lastlog module.'Value -
number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently disabled
The number of days to wait after a password expires, until the account will be permanently disabled.Value -
Set Account Expiration Following Inactivity in password-auth
Verify the account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) are disabled after <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_account_disable_inactivity" use="legacy"></x...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Account Expiration Following Inactivity in system-auth
Verify the account identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) are disabled after <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_account_disable_inactivity" use="legacy"></x...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure All Accounts on the System Have Unique Names
Ensure accounts on the system have unique names. To ensure all accounts have unique names, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo getent passwd | awk -F: '{ print $1}' | uniq -d</pre> If a usernam...Rule Medium Severity -
Use Centralized and Automated Authentication
Implement an automated system for managing user accounts that minimizes the risk of errors, either intentional or deliberate. This system should integrate with an existing enterprise user managemen...Rule Medium Severity -
maximum password age
Maximum age of password in daysValue -
minimum password age
Minimum age of password in daysValue -
minimum password length
Minimum number of characters in passwordValue -
warning days before password expires
The number of days' warning given before a password expires.Value -
Set Password Maximum Age
To specify password maximum age for new accounts, edit the file <code>/etc/login.defs</code> and add or correct the following line: <pre>PASS_MAX_DAYS <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.con...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Minimum Age
To specify password minimum age for new accounts, edit the file <code>/etc/login.defs</code> and add or correct the following line: <pre>PASS_MIN_DAYS <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.con...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Existing Passwords Maximum Age
Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_accounts_maximum_age_login_defs" use="legacy"></xccdf-1.2:sub>-day maximum password lifeti...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Existing Passwords Minimum Age
Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime by running the following command:$ sudo chage -m 1 USERRule Medium Severity -
Set Password Warning Age
To specify how many days prior to password expiration that a warning will be issued to users, edit the file <code>/etc/login.defs</code> and add or correct the following line: <pre>PASS_WARN_AGE <...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Proper Storage and Existence of Password Hashes
By default, password hashes for local accounts are stored in the second field (colon-separated) in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. This file should be readable only by processes running with root credent...Group -
Password Hashing algorithm
Specify the number of rounds for the system password encryption algorithm. Defines the value set in/etc/pam.d/system-authand/etc/pam.d/password-authValue -
Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed
If any password hashes are stored in <code>/etc/passwd</code> (in the second field, instead of an <code>x</code> or <code>*</code>), the cause of this misconfiguration should be investigated. The a...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed with SHA512
Verify the operating system requires the shadow password suite configuration be set to encrypt interactive user passwords using a strong cryptographic hash. Check that the interactive user account ...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure all users last password change date is in the past
All users should have a password change date in the past.Rule Medium Severity -
User Initialization Files Must Not Run World-Writable Programs
Set the mode on files being executed by the user initialization files with the following command:$ sudo chmod o-w FILERule Medium Severity -
Set number of Password Hashing Rounds - system-auth
Configure the number or rounds for the password hashing algorithm. This can be accomplished by using the <code>rounds</code> option for the <code>pam_unix</code> PAM module. <br> <br> In f...Rule Medium Severity -
All GIDs referenced in /etc/passwd must be defined in /etc/group
Add a group to the system for each GID referenced without a corresponding group.Rule Low Severity -
Prevent Login to Accounts With Empty Password
If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log into the account without authentication. Remove any instances of the <code>...Rule High Severity -
Ensure There Are No Accounts With Blank or Null Passwords
Check the "/etc/shadow" file for blank passwords with the following command: <pre>$ sudo awk -F: '!$2 {print $1}' /etc/shadow</pre> If the command returns any results, this is a finding. Configure ...Rule High Severity -
Ensure there are no legacy + NIS entries in /etc/group
The+character in/etc/groupfile marks a place where entries from a network information service (NIS) should be directly inserted.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure there are no legacy + NIS entries in /etc/passwd
The+character in/etc/passwdfile marks a place where entries from a network information service (NIS) should be directly inserted.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure there are no legacy + NIS entries in /etc/shadow
The+character in/etc/shadowfile marks a place where entries from a network information service (NIS) should be directly inserted.Rule Medium Severity -
Verify No netrc Files Exist
The <code>.netrc</code> files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files may contain unencrypted passwords to remote FTP serv...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Root Logins
Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivileged account, and then use <code>su</code> or <cod...Group -
Verify Only Root Has UID 0
If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or have their UID changed. <br> If the account is asso...Rule High Severity -
Verify Root Has A Primary GID 0
Therootuser should have a primary group of 0.Rule High Severity -
Ensure that System Accounts Are Locked
Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative functions. An attacker should not be able to log into these accounts. <br> <br> S...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Web Browser Use for Administrative Accounts
Enforce policy requiring administrative accounts use web browsers only for local service administration.Rule Unknown Severity -
Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login
Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative functions. Should an attacker be able to log into these accounts, they should not be grant...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Serial Port Root Logins
To restrict root logins on serial ports, ensure lines of this form do not appear in/etc/securetty:ttyS0 ttyS1
Rule Medium Severity -
Root Path Must Be Vendor Default
Assuming root shell is bash, edit the following files: <pre>~/.profile</pre> <pre>~/.bashrc</pre> Change any <code>PATH</code> variables to the vendor default for root and remove any empty...Rule Unknown Severity -
Restrict Virtual Console Root Logins
To restrict root logins through the (deprecated) virtual console devices, ensure lines of this form do not appear in/etc/securetty:vc/1 vc/2 vc/3 vc/4
Rule Medium Severity -
Enforce usage of pam_wheel for su authentication
To ensure that only users who are members of the <code>wheel</code> group can run commands with altered privileges through the <code>su</code> command, make sure that the following line exists in t...Rule Medium Severity -
User Initialization Files Must Be Owned By the Primary User
Set the owner of the user initialization files for interactive users to the primary owner with the following command: <pre>$ sudo chown <i>USER</i> /home/<i>USER</i>/.*</pre> This rule ensures eve...Rule Medium Severity -
Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts
When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the user's home directory, and may have weak permissi...Group -
Maximum login attempts delay
Maximum time in seconds between fail login attempts before re-prompting.Value -
Maximum concurrent login sessions
Maximum number of concurrent sessions by a userValue -
Account Inactivity Timeout (seconds)
In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does...Value -
Interactive users initialization files
'A regular expression describing a list of file names for files that are sourced at login time for interactive users'Value -
Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User
Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user can limit risks related to Denial of Service attacks. This addresses concurrent sessions for a single account and does not address concurr...Rule Low Severity -
Configure Polyinstantiation of /tmp Directories
To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use the following command: <pre>$ sudo mkdir --mode 000 ...Rule Low Severity -
Configure Polyinstantiation of /var/tmp Directories
To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use the following command: <pre>$ sudo mkdir --mode 000 ...Rule Low Severity
Node 2
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