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XCCDF
Container Platform Security Requirements Guide
Container Platform Security Requirements Guide
An XCCDF Benchmark
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187 rules organized in 187 groups
SRG-APP-000014
1 Rule
The container platform must use TLS 1.2 or greater for secure container image transport from trusted sources.
Medium Severity
The authenticity and integrity of the container image during the container image lifecycle is part of the overall security posture of the container platform. This begins with the container image creation and pull of a base image from a trusted source for child container image creation and the instantiation of the new image into a running service. If an insecure protocol is used during transmission of container images at any step of the lifecycle, a bad actor may inject nefarious code into the container image. The container image, when instantiated, then becomes a security risk to the container platform, the host server, and other containers within the container platform. To thwart the injection of code during transmission, a secure protocol (TLS 1.2 or newer) must be used. Further guidance on secure transport protocols can be found in NIST SP 800-52.
SRG-APP-000014
1 Rule
The container platform must use TLS 1.2 or greater for secure communication.
Medium Severity
The authenticity and integrity of the container platform and communication between nodes and components must be secure. If an insecure protocol is used during transmission of data, the data can be intercepted and manipulated. The manipulation of data can be used to inject status changes of the container platform, causing the execution of containers or reporting an incorrect healthcheck. To thwart the manipulation of the data during transmission, a secure protocol (TLS 1.2 or newer) must be used. Further guidance on secure transport protocols can be found in NIST SP 800-52.
SRG-APP-000023
1 Rule
The container platform must use a centralized user management solution to support account management functions.
Medium Severity
Enterprise environments make application account management challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or other error. A comprehensive application account management process that includes automation helps to ensure accounts designated as requiring attention are consistently and promptly addressed. Examples include, but are not limited to, using automation to take action on multiple accounts designated as inactive, suspended, or terminated or by disabling accounts located in non-centralized account stores, such as multiple servers. This requirement applies to all account types, including individual/user, shared, group, system, guest/anonymous, emergency, developer/manufacturer/vendor, temporary, and service. The application must be configured to automatically provide account management functions, and these functions must immediately enforce the organization's current account policy. The automated mechanisms may reside within the application itself or may be offered by the operating system or other infrastructure-providing automated account management capabilities. Automated mechanisms may be comprised of differing technologies, that when placed together, contain an overall automated mechanism supporting an organization's automated account management requirements. Account management functions include: assignment of group or role membership; identifying account type; specifying user access authorizations (i.e., privileges); account removal, update, or termination; and administrative alerts. The use of automated mechanisms can include: using email or text messaging to automatically notify account managers when users are terminated or transferred; using the information system to monitor account usage; or using automated telephonic notification to report atypical system account usage.
SRG-APP-000024
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically remove or disable temporary user accounts after 72 hours.
Medium Severity
If temporary user accounts remain active when no longer needed or for an excessive period, these accounts may be used to gain unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, automated termination of all temporary user accounts must be set upon account creation. Temporary user accounts are established as part of normal account activation procedures when there is a need for short-term accounts without the demand for immediacy in account activation. If temporary user accounts are used, the application must be configured to automatically terminate these types of accounts after a DoD-defined period of 72 hours. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000025
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically disable accounts after a 35-day period of account inactivity.
Medium Severity
Attackers that are able to exploit an inactive account can potentially obtain and maintain undetected access to an application. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access to their user account has been obtained. Applications need to track periods of user inactivity and disable accounts after 35 days of inactivity. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be hijacked, leading to a data compromise. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality. This policy does not apply to either emergency accounts or infrequently used accounts. Infrequently used accounts are local login administrator accounts used by system administrators when network or normal logon/access is not available. Emergency accounts are administrator accounts created in response to crisis situations.
SRG-APP-000026
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically audit account creation.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to create a new account. Auditing of account creation is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail documents the creation of application user accounts and, as required, notifies administrators and/or application when accounts are created. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously created, and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000027
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically audit account modification.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to a system, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to modify an existing account. Auditing of account creation is one method for mitigating this risk. A comprehensive account management process will ensure an audit trail documents the creation of application user accounts and, as required, notifies administrators and/or application when accounts are created. Such a process greatly reduces the risk that accounts will be surreptitiously created and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000028
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically audit account-disabling actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to disable authorized accounts to disrupt services or prevent the implementation of countermeasures. Auditing account-disabling actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/audit mechanisms meeting or exceeding access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000029
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically audit account removal actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to remove authorized accounts to disrupt services or prevent the implementation of countermeasures. Auditing account removal actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/audit mechanisms meeting or exceeding access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Least privilege access and need to know must be required to access the container platform registry.
Medium Severity
The container platform registry is used to store images and is the keeper of truth for trusted images within the platform. To guarantee the images integrity, access to the registry must be limited to those individuals who need to perform tasks to the images such as the update, creation, or deletion of images. Without this control access, images can be deleted that are in use by the container platform causing a denial of service (DoS), and images can be modified or introduced without going through the testing and validation process allowing for the intentional or unintentional introduction of containers with flaws and vulnerabilities.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Least privilege access and need to know must be required to access the container platform runtime.
Medium Severity
The container platform runtime is used to instantiate containers. If this process is accessed by those persons who are not authorized, those containers offering services can be brought to a denial of service (DoS) situation, disabling a large number of services with a small change to the container platform. To limit this threat, it is important to limit access to the runtime to only those individuals with runtime duties.
SRG-APP-000033
1 Rule
Least privilege access and need to know must be required to access the container platform keystore.
Medium Severity
The container platform keystore is used to store access keys and tokens for trusted access to and from the container platform. The keystore gives the container platform a method to store the confidential data in a secure way and to encrypt the data when at rest. If this data is not protected through access controls, it can be used to access trusted sources as the container platform breaking the trusted relationship. To circumvent unauthorized access to the keystore, the container platform must have access controls in place to only allow those individuals with keystore duties.
SRG-APP-000038
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information within the container platform based on organization-defined information flow control policies.
Medium Severity
Controlling information flow between the container platform components and container user services instantiated by the container platform must enforce organization-defined information flow policies. Example methods for information flow control are using labels and separate namespace for containers to segregate services; user permissions and roles to limit what user services are available to each user; controlling the user the services are able to execute as; and limiting inter-container network traffic and the resources containers can consume.
SRG-APP-000039
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce approved authorizations for controlling the flow of information between interconnected systems and services based on organization-defined information flow control policies.
Medium Severity
Controlling information flow between the container platform components and container user services instantiated by the container platform must enforce organization-defined information flow policies. Example methods for information flow control are: using labels for containers to segregate services; user permissions and roles to limit what user services are available to each user; controlling the user the services are able to execute as; and limiting inter-container network traffic and the resources containers can consume.
SRG-APP-000065
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce the limit of three consecutive invalid logon attempts by a user during a 15-minute time period.
Medium Severity
By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account.
SRG-APP-000068
1 Rule
The container platform must display the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner before granting access to platform components.
Low Severity
The container platform has countless components where different access levels are needed. To control access, the user must first log in to the component and then be presented with a DoD-approved use notification banner before granting access to the component. This guarantees privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
SRG-APP-000069
1 Rule
The container platform must retain the Standard Mandatory DoD Notice and Consent Banner on the screen until users acknowledge the usage and conditions and take explicit actions to log on for further access.
Low Severity
The banner must be acknowledged by the user prior to allowing the user access to any container platform component. This provides assurance that the user has seen the message and accepted the conditions for access. If the consent banner is not acknowledged by the user, DoD will not be in compliance with system use notifications required by law. To establish acceptance of the application usage policy, a click-through banner at application logon is required. The application must prevent further activity until the user executes a positive action to manifest agreement by clicking on a box indicating "OK".
SRG-APP-000089
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records for all DoD-defined auditable events within all components in the platform.
Medium Severity
Within the container platform, audit data can be generated from any of the deployed container platform components. This audit data is important when there are issues, including security incidents that must be investigated. To make the audit data worthwhile for the investigation of events, it is necessary to have the appropriate and required data logged. To handle the need to log DoD-defined auditable events, the container platform must offer a mechanism to change and manage the events that are audited.
SRG-APP-000090
1 Rule
The container platform must allow only the ISSM (or individuals or roles appointed by the ISSM) to select which auditable events are to be audited.
Medium Severity
Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events. Misconfigured audits may degrade the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfigured audits may also make it more difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records.
SRG-APP-000091
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access privileges occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000092
1 Rule
The container platform must initiate session auditing upon startup.
Medium Severity
When the container platform is started, container platform components and user services can also be started. It is important that the container platform begin auditing on startup in order to handle container platform startup events along with events for container platform components and services that begin on startup.
SRG-APP-000095
1 Rule
All audit records must identify what type of event has occurred within the container platform.
Medium Severity
Within the container platform, audit data can be generated from any of the deployed container platform components. This audit data is important when there are issues, such as security incidents, that must be investigated. To make the audit data worthwhile for the investigation of events, it is necessary to know what type of event occurred.
SRG-APP-000096
1 Rule
The container platform audit records must have a date and time association with all events.
Medium Severity
Within the container platform, audit data can be generated from any of the deployed container platform components. This audit data is important when there are issues, such as security incidents, that must be investigated. To make the audit data worthwhile for the investigation of events, it is necessary to know when the event occurred. To establish the time of the event, the audit record must contain the date and time.
SRG-APP-000097
1 Rule
All audit records must identify where in the container platform the event occurred.
Medium Severity
Within the container platform, audit data can be generated from any of the deployed container platform components. This audit data is important when there are issues, such as security incidents, that must be investigated. To make the audit data worthwhile for the investigation of events, it is necessary to know where within the container platform the event occurred.
SRG-APP-000098
1 Rule
All audit records must identify the source of the event within the container platform.
Medium Severity
Audit data is important when there are issues, to include security incidents that must be investigated. Since the audit data may be part of a larger audit system, it is important for the audit data to also include the container platform name for traceability back to the container platform itself and not just the container platform components.
SRG-APP-000099
1 Rule
All audit records must generate the event results within the container platform.
Medium Severity
Within the container platform, audit data can be generated from any of the deployed container platform components. This audit data is important when there are issues, such as security incidents, that must be investigated. To make the audit data worthwhile for the investigation of events, it is necessary to know the outcome of the event.
SRG-APP-000100
1 Rule
All audit records must identify any users associated with the event within the container platform.
Medium Severity
Without information that establishes the identity of the user associated with the events, security personnel cannot determine responsibility for the potentially harmful event.
SRG-APP-000100
1 Rule
All audit records must identify any containers associated with the event within the container platform.
Medium Severity
Without information that establishes the identity of the containers offering user services or running on behalf of a user within the platform associated with audit events, security personnel cannot determine responsibility for potentially harmful events.
SRG-APP-000101
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records containing the full-text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of group account users.
Medium Severity
During an investigation of an incident, it is important to fully understand what took place. Often, information is not part of the audited event due to the data's nature, security risk, or audit log size. Organizations must consider limiting the additional audit information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. At a minimum, the organization must audit either full-text recording of privileged commands, or the individual identities of group users, or both.
SRG-APP-000111
1 Rule
The container platform components must provide the ability to send audit logs to a central enterprise repository for review and analysis.
Medium Severity
The container platform components must send audit events to a central managed audit log repository to provide reporting, analysis, and alert notification. Incident response relies on successful timely, accurate system analysis in order for the organization to identify and respond to possible security events.
SRG-APP-000116
1 Rule
The container platform must use internal system clocks to generate audit record time stamps.
Medium Severity
Understanding when and sequence of events for an incident is crucial to understand what may have taken place. Without a common clock, the components generating audit events could be out of synchronization and would then present a picture of the event that is warped and corrupted. To give a clear picture, it is important that the container platform and its components use a common internal clock.
SRG-APP-000118
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit information from any type of unauthorized read access.
Medium Severity
If audit data were to become compromised, then competent forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is difficult if not impossible to achieve. In addition, access to audit records provides information an attacker could potentially use to his or her advantage. To ensure the veracity of audit data, the information system and/or the application must protect audit information from any and all unauthorized access. This includes read, write, and copy access. This requirement can be achieved through multiple methods, which will depend upon system architecture and design. Commonly employed methods for protecting audit information include least privilege permissions as well as restricting the location and number of log file repositories. Additionally, applications with user interfaces to audit records should not allow for the unfettered manipulation of or access to those records via the application. If the application provides access to the audit data, the application becomes accountable for ensuring audit information is protected from unauthorized access. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
SRG-APP-000119
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit information from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity would be impossible to achieve. To ensure the veracity of audit data, the information system and/or the application must protect audit information from unauthorized modification. This requirement can be achieved through multiple methods, which will depend upon system architecture and design. Some commonly employed methods include ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions and limiting log data locations. Applications providing a user interface to audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights that the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the modification of audit data. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.
SRG-APP-000120
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion.
Medium Severity
If audit data were to become compromised, then forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity would be impossible to achieve. To ensure the veracity of audit data, the information system and/or the application must protect audit information from unauthorized deletion. This requirement can be achieved through multiple methods, which will depend upon system architecture and design. Some commonly employed methods include: ensuring log files receive the proper file system permissions utilizing file system protections, restricting access, and backing up log data to ensure log data is retained. Applications providing a user interface to audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the data and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order make access decisions regarding the deletion of audit data. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity. Audit information may include data from other applications or be included with the audit application itself.
SRG-APP-000121
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit tools from unauthorized access.
Medium Severity
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data. Applications providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order to make access decisions regarding the access to audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
SRG-APP-000122
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit tools from unauthorized modification.
Medium Severity
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data. Applications providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order make access decisions regarding the modification of audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
SRG-APP-000123
1 Rule
The container platform must protect audit tools from unauthorized deletion.
Medium Severity
Protecting audit data also includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Therefore, protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit data. Applications providing tools to interface with audit data will leverage user permissions and roles identifying the user accessing the tools and the corresponding rights the user enjoys in order make access decisions regarding the deletion of audit tools. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.
SRG-APP-000126
1 Rule
The container platform must use FIPS validated cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of log information.
Medium Severity
To fully investigate an incident and to have trust in the audit data that is generated, it is important to put in place data protections. Without integrity protections, unauthorized changes may be made to the audit files and reliable forensic analysis and discovery of the source of malicious system activity may be degraded. Although digital signatures are one example of protecting integrity, this control is not intended to cause a new cryptographic hash to be generated every time a record is added to a log file. Integrity protections can also be implemented by using cryptographic techniques for security function isolation and file system protections to protect against unauthorized changes.
SRG-APP-000131
1 Rule
The container platform must be built from verified packages.
Medium Severity
It is important to patch and upgrade the container platform when patches and upgrades are available. More important is to get these patches and upgrades from a known source. To validate the authenticity of any patches and upgrades before installation, the container platform must check that the files are digitally signed by sources approved by the organization.
SRG-APP-000131
1 Rule
The container platform must verify container images.
Medium Severity
The container platform must be capable of validating container images are signed and that the digital signature is from a recognized and approved source approved by the organization. Allowing any container image to be introduced into the registry and instantiated into a container can allow for services to be introduced that are not trusted and may contain malicious code, which introduces unwanted services. These unwanted services can cause harm and security risks to the hosting server, the container platform, other services running within the container platform, and the overall organization.
SRG-APP-000133
1 Rule
The container platform must limit privileges to the container platform registry.
Medium Severity
To control what is instantiated within the container platform, it is important to control access to the registry. Without this control, container images can be introduced and instantiated by accident or on container platform startup. Without control of the registry, security measures put in place for the runtime can be bypassed meaning the controls of approval and testing are also bypassed. Only those individuals and roles approved by the organization can have access to the container platform registry.
SRG-APP-000133
1 Rule
The container platform must limit privileges to the container platform runtime.
Medium Severity
To control what is instantiated within the container platform, it is important to control access to the runtime. Without this control, container platform specific services and customer services can be introduced without receiving approval and going through proper testing. Only those individuals and roles approved by the organization can have access to the container platform runtime.
SRG-APP-000133
1 Rule
The container platform must limit privileges to the container platform keystore.
Medium Severity
The container platform keystore is used to store credentials used to build a trust between the container platform and some external source. This trust relationship is authorized by the organization. If a malicious user were to have access to the container platform keystore, two negative scenarios could develop: 1) Keys not approved could be introduced and 2) Approved keys deleted, leading to the introduction of container images from sources that were never approved by the organization. To thwart this threat, it is important to protect the container platform keystore and give access to only those individuals and roles approved by the organization.
SRG-APP-000133
1 Rule
Configuration files for the container platform must be protected.
Medium Severity
The secure configuration of the container platform must be protected by disallowing changes to be implemented by non-privileged users. Changes to the container platform can introduce security risks or stability issues and undermine change management procedures. Securing configuration files from non-privileged user modification can be enforced using file ownership and permissions.
SRG-APP-000133
1 Rule
Authentication files for the container platform must be protected.
Medium Severity
The secure configuration of the container platform must be protected by disallowing changing to be implemented by non-privileged users. Changes to the container platform can introduce security risks and stability issues and undermine change management procedures. To secure authentication files from non-privileged user modification can be enforced using file ownership and permissions. Examples of authentication files are keys, certificates, and tokens.
SRG-APP-000141
1 Rule
The container platform must be configured with only essential configurations.
Medium Severity
The container platform can be built with components that are not used for the intended purpose of the organization. To limit the attack surface of the container platform, it is essential that the non-essential services are not installed.
SRG-APP-000141
1 Rule
The container platform registry must contain only container images for those capabilities being offered by the container platform.
Medium Severity
Allowing container images to reside within the container platform registry that are not essential to the capabilities being offered by the container platform becomes a potential security risk. By allowing these non-essential container images to exist, the possibility for accidental instantiation exists. The images may be unpatched, not supported, or offer non-approved capabilities. Those images for customer services are considered essential capabilities.
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must enforce ports, protocols, and services that adhere to the PPSM CAL.
Medium Severity
Ports, protocols, and services within the container platform runtime must be controlled and conform to the PPSM CAL. Those ports, protocols, and services that fall outside the PPSM CAL must be blocked by the runtime. Instructions on the PPSM can be found in DoD Instruction 8551.01 Policy.
SRG-APP-000142
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must enforce the use of ports that are non-privileged.
Medium Severity
Privileged ports are those ports below 1024 and that require system privileges for their use. If containers are able to use these ports, the container must be run as a privileged user. The container platform must stop containers that try to map to these ports directly. Allowing non-privileged ports to be mapped to the container-privileged port is the allowable method when a certain port is needed. An example is mapping port 8080 externally to port 80 in the container.
SRG-APP-000148
1 Rule
The container platform must uniquely identify and authenticate users.
Medium Severity
The container platform requires user accounts to perform container platform tasks. These tasks may pertain to the overall container platform or may be component-specific, thus requiring users to authenticate against those specific components. To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
SRG-APP-000148
1 Rule
The container platform application program interface (API) must uniquely identify and authenticate users.
Medium Severity
The container platform requires user accounts to perform container platform tasks. These tasks are often performed through the container platform API. Protecting the API from users who are not authorized or authenticated is essential to keep the container platform stable. Protection of platform and application data and enhances the protections put in place for Denial-of Service (DoS) attacks.
SRG-APP-000148
1 Rule
The container platform must uniquely identify and authenticate processes acting on behalf of the users.
Medium Severity
The container platform will instantiate a container image and use the user privileges given to the user used to execute the container. To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access to containers, the user the container is using to execute must be uniquely identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
SRG-APP-000148
1 Rule
The container platform application program interface (API) must uniquely identify and authenticate processes acting on behalf of the users.
Medium Severity
The container platform API can be used to perform any task within the platform. Often, the API is used to create tasks that perform some kind of maintenance task and run without user interaction. To guarantee the task is authorized, it is important to authenticate the task. These tasks, even though executed without user intervention, run on behalf of a user and must run with the user's authorization. If tasks are allowed to be created without authentication, users could bypass authentication and authorization mechanisms put in place for user interfaces. This could lead to users gaining greater access than given to the user putting the container platform into a compromised state.
SRG-APP-000149
1 Rule
The container platform must use multifactor authentication for network access to privileged accounts.
Medium Severity
Without the use of multifactor authentication, the ease of access to privileged functions is greatly increased. Multifactor authentication requires using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) something a user is (e.g., biometric). A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Network access is defined as access to an information system by a user (or a process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a network (e.g., local area network, wide area network, or the internet).
SRG-APP-000150
1 Rule
The container platform must use multifactor authentication for network access to non-privileged accounts.
Medium Severity
To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, non-privileged users must utilize multifactor authentication to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Multifactor authentication uses two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) Something you know (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) Something you have (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) Something you are (e.g., biometric). A non-privileged account is any information system account with authorizations of a non-privileged user. Network access is any access to an application by a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) where said access is obtained through a network connection. Applications integrating with the DoD Active Directory and utilize the DoD CAC are examples of compliant multifactor authentication solutions.
SRG-APP-000151
1 Rule
The container platform must use multifactor authentication for local access to privileged accounts.
Medium Severity
To ensure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, privileged users must utilize multifactor authentication to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Multifactor authentication is defined as using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) Something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) Something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) Something a user is (e.g., biometric). A privileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a privileged user. Local access is defined as access to an organizational information system by a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a direct connection without the use of a network.
SRG-APP-000152
1 Rule
The container platform must use multifactor authentication for local access to nonprivileged accounts.
Medium Severity
To ensure accountability, prevent unauthenticated access, and prevent misuse of the system, nonprivileged users must utilize multi-factor authentication for local access. Multifactor authentication is defined as using two or more factors to achieve authentication. Factors include: (i) Something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN); (ii) Something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or (iii) Something a user is (e.g., biometric). A nonprivileged account is defined as an information system account with authorizations of a regular or nonprivileged user. Local access is defined as access to an organizational information system by a user (or process acting on behalf of a user) communicating through a direct connection without the use of a network.
SRG-APP-000153
1 Rule
The container platform must ensure users are authenticated with an individual authenticator prior to using a group authenticator.
Medium Severity
To ensure individual accountability and prevent unauthorized access, application users must be individually identified and authenticated. Individual accountability mandates that each user be uniquely identified. A group authenticator is a shared account or some other form of authentication that allows multiple unique individuals to access the application using a single account. If an application allows or provides for group authenticators, it must first individually authenticate users prior to implementing group authenticator functionality. Some applications may not need to provide a group authenticator; this is considered a matter of application design. In those instances where the application design includes the use of a group authenticator, this requirement will apply. There may also be instances when specific user actions need to be performed on the information system without unique user identification or authentication. An example of this type of access is a web server, which contains publicly releasable information.
SRG-APP-000156
1 Rule
The container platform must use FIPS-validated SHA-1 or higher hash function to provide replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to privileged accounts.
Medium Severity
A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack. Anti-replay is a cryptographically based mechanism; thus, it must use FIPS-approved algorithms. An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by recording and replaying a previous authentication message. Note that the anti-replay service is implicit when data contains monotonically increasing sequence numbers and data integrity is assured. Use of DoD PKI is inherently compliant with this requirement for user and device access. Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS), including application protocols such as HTTPS and DNSSEC, that use TLS/SSL as the underlying security protocol is also compliant. Configure the information system to use the hash message authentication code (HMAC) algorithm for authentication services to Kerberos, SSH, web management tool, and any other access method.
SRG-APP-000157
1 Rule
The container platform must implement replay-resistant authentication mechanisms for network access to nonprivileged accounts.
Medium Severity
A replay attack may enable an unauthorized user to gain access to the application. Authentication sessions between the authenticator and the application validating the user credentials must not be vulnerable to a replay attack. An authentication process resists replay attacks if it is impractical to achieve a successful authentication by recording and replaying a previous authentication message. A nonprivileged account is any operating system account with authorizations of a nonprivileged user. Techniques used to address this include protocols using nonces (e.g., numbers generated for a specific one-time use) or challenges (e.g., TLS, WS_Security). Additional techniques include time-synchronous or challenge-response one-time authenticators.
SRG-APP-000158
1 Rule
The container platform must uniquely identify all network-connected nodes before establishing any connection.
Medium Severity
A container platform usually consists of multiple nodes. It is important for these nodes to be uniquely identified before a connection is allowed. Without identifying the nodes, unidentified or unknown nodes may be introduced, thereby facilitating malicious activity.
SRG-APP-000163
1 Rule
The container platform must disable identifiers (individuals, groups, roles, and devices) after 35 days of inactivity.
Medium Severity
Inactive identifiers pose a risk to systems and applications. Attackers that are able to exploit an inactive identifier can potentially obtain and maintain undetected access to the application. Owners of inactive accounts will not notice if unauthorized access to their user account has been obtained. Applications need to track periods of inactivity and disable application identifiers after 35 days of inactivity. Management of user identifiers is not applicable to shared information system accounts (e.g., guest and anonymous accounts). It is commonly the case that a user account is the name of an information system account associated with an individual. To avoid having to build complex user management capabilities directly into their application, wise developers leverage the underlying OS or other user account management infrastructure (AD, LDAP) that is already in place within the organization and meets organizational user account management requirements.
SRG-APP-000164
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce a minimum 15-character password length.
Medium Severity
The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.
SRG-APP-000166
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one uppercase character be used.
Medium Severity
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password is, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
SRG-APP-000167
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one lowercase character be used.
Medium Severity
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
SRG-APP-000168
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one numeric character be used.
Medium Severity
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor of several that determine how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
SRG-APP-000169
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce password complexity by requiring that at least one special character be used.
Medium Severity
Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password complexity is one factor in determining how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised. Special characters are those characters that are not alphanumeric. Examples include ~ ! @ # $ % ^ *.
SRG-APP-000170
1 Rule
The container platform must require the change of at least 15 of the total number of characters when passwords are changed.
Medium Severity
If the application allows the user to consecutively reuse extensive portions of passwords, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the window of opportunity for attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. The number of changed characters refers to the number of changes required with respect to the total number of positions in the current password. In other words, characters may be the same within the two passwords; however, the positions of the like characters must be different.
SRG-APP-000171
1 Rule
For container platform using password authentication, the application must store only cryptographic representations of passwords.
Medium Severity
Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read and easily compromised. Use of passwords for authentication is intended only for limited situations and should not be used as a replacement for two-factor common access card (CAC)-enabled authentication. Examples of situations where a user ID and password might be used include: - When the user does not use a CAC and is not a current DOD employee, member of the military, or DOD contractor. - When a user has been officially designated as temporarily unable to present a CAC for some reason (lost, damaged, not yet issued, broken card reader) (i.e., Temporary Exception User) and to satisfy urgent organizational needs must be temporarily permitted to use user ID/password authentication until the problem with CAC use has been remedied. - When the application is publicly available and or hosting publicly releasable data requiring some degree of need-to-know protection. If the password is already encrypted and not a plaintext password, this meets this requirement. Implementation of this requirement requires configuration of FIPS-approved cipher block algorithm and block cipher modes for encryption. This method uses a one-way hashing encryption algorithm with a salt value to validate a user's password without having to store the actual password. Performance and time required to access are factors that must be considered, and the one-way hash is the most feasible means of securing the password and providing an acceptable measure of password security. Verifying the user knows a password is performed using a password verifier. In its simplest form, a password verifier is a computational function that is capable of creating a hash of a password and determining if the value provided by the user matches the hash. A more secure version of verifying a user knowing a password is to store the result of an iterating hash function and a large random salt value as follows: H0 = H(pwd, H(salt)) Hn = H(Hn-1,H(salt)) In the above, "n" is a cryptographically-strong random [*3] number. "Hn" is stored along with the salt. When the application wishes to verify that the user knows a password, it simply repeats the process and compares "Hn" with the stored "Hn". A salt is essentially a fixed-length cryptographically strong random value. Another method is using a keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC). HMAC calculates a message authentication code via a cryptographic hash function used in conjunction with an encryption key. The key must be protected as with any private key. This requirement applies to all accounts including authentication server, AAA, and local account, including the root account and the account of last resort.
SRG-APP-000172
1 Rule
For accounts using password authentication, the container platform must use FIPS-validated SHA-2 or later protocol to protect the integrity of the password authentication process.
High Severity
Passwords need to be protected on entry, in transmission, during authentication, and when stored. If compromised at any of these security points, a nefarious user can use the password along with stolen user account information to gain access or to escalate privileges. The container platform may require account authentication during container platform tasks and before accessing container platform components, e.g. runtime, registry, and keystore. During any user authentication, the container platform must use FIPS-validated SHA-2 or later protocol to protect the integrity of the password authentication process.
SRG-APP-000173
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce 24 hours (one day) as the minimum password lifetime.
Medium Severity
Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. Restricting this setting limits the user's ability to change their password. Passwords need to be changed at specific policy-based intervals; however, if the application allows the user to immediately and continually change their password, then the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.
SRG-APP-000174
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce a 60-day maximum password lifetime restriction.
Medium Severity
Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked; therefore, passwords need to be changed at specific intervals. One method of minimizing this risk is to use complex passwords and periodically change them. If the application does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the system and/or application passwords could be compromised. This requirement does not include emergency administration accounts that are meant for access to the application in case of failure. These accounts are not required to have maximum password lifetime restrictions.
SRG-APP-000177
1 Rule
The container platform must map the authenticated identity to the individual user or group account for PKI-based authentication.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components may require authentication before use. When the authentication is PKI-based, the container platform or component must map the certificate to a user account. If the certificate is not mapped to a user account, the ability to determine the identity of the individual user or group will not be available for forensic analysis.
SRG-APP-000178
1 Rule
The container platform must obscure feedback of authentication information during the authentication process to protect the information from possible exploitation/use by unauthorized individuals.
Medium Severity
To prevent the compromise of authentication information such as passwords during the authentication process, the feedback from the container platform and its components, e.g., runtime, registry, and keystore, must not provide any information that would allow an unauthorized user to compromise the authentication mechanism. Obfuscation of user-provided information when typed is a method used in addressing this risk. Displaying asterisks when a user types in a password is an example of obscuring feedback of authentication information.
SRG-APP-000181
1 Rule
The container platform must provide an audit reduction capability that supports on-demand reporting requirements.
Medium Severity
The ability to generate on-demand reports, including after the audit data has been subjected to audit reduction, greatly facilitates the organization's ability to generate incident reports as needed to better handle larger-scale or more complex security incidents. Audit reduction is a process that manipulates collected audit information and organizes such information in a summary format that is more meaningful to analysts. The report generation capability provided by the application must support on-demand (i.e., customizable, ad hoc, and as-needed) reports. This requirement is specific to applications with audit reduction capabilities; however, applications need to support on-demand audit review and analysis.
SRG-APP-000185
1 Rule
The container platform must employ strong authenticators in the establishment of non-local maintenance and diagnostic sessions.
Medium Severity
If maintenance tools are used by unauthorized personnel, they may accidentally or intentionally damage or compromise the system. The act of managing systems and applications includes the ability to access sensitive application information, such as, system configuration details, diagnostic information, user information, and potentially sensitive application data. Non-local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities conducted by individuals communicating through a network, either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network. Local maintenance and diagnostic activities are those activities carried out by individuals physically present at the information system or information system component and not communicating across a network connection. Typically, strong authentication requires authenticators that are resistant to replay attacks and employ multifactor authentication. Strong authenticators include, for example, PKI where certificates are stored on a token protected by a password, passphrase, or biometric. This requirement applies to hardware/software diagnostic test equipment or tools. This requirement does not cover hardware/software components that may support information system maintenance, yet are a part of the system (e.g., the software implementing "ping," "ls," "ipconfig," or the hardware and software implementing the monitoring port of an Ethernet switch).
SRG-APP-000190
1 Rule
The application must terminate all network connections associated with a communications session at the end of the session, or as follows: for in-band management sessions (privileged sessions), the session must be terminated after 10 minutes of inactivity.
Medium Severity
Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended. In addition, quickly terminating an idle session will also free up resources committed by the managed network element. Terminating network connections associated with communications sessions includes, for example, de-allocating associated TCP/IP address/port pairs at the operating system level, or de-allocating networking assignments at the application level if multiple application sessions are using a single, operating system level network connection. This does not mean that the application terminates all sessions or network access; it only ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.
SRG-APP-000211
1 Rule
The container platform must separate user functionality (including user interface services) from information system management functionality.
Medium Severity
Separating user functionality from management functionality is a requirement for all the components within the container platform. Without the separation, users may have access to management functions that can degrade the container platform and the services being offered and can offer a method to bypass testing and validation of functions before introduced into a production environment. The separation should be enforced by each component within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000219
1 Rule
The container platform must protect authenticity of communications sessions with the use of FIPS-validated 140-2 or 140-3 security requirements for cryptographic modules.
High Severity
The container platform is responsible for pulling images from trusted sources and placing those images into its registry. To protect the transmission of images, the container platform must use FIPS-validated 140-2 or 140-3 cryptographic modules. This added protection defends against main-in-the-middle attacks where malicious code could be added to an image during transmission.
SRG-APP-000225
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must fail to a secure state if system initialization fails, shutdown fails, or aborts fail.
Medium Severity
The container platform offers services for container image orchestration and services for users. If any of these services were to fail into an insecure state, security measures for user and data separation and image instantiation could become absent. In addition, audit log protections could be relaxed allowing for investigation of what occurred could be lost. To protect services and data, it is important for the container platform to fail to a secure state if the container platform registry initialization fails, shutdown fails, or aborts fail.
SRG-APP-000226
1 Rule
The container platform must preserve any information necessary to determine the cause of the disruption or failure.
Medium Severity
When a failure occurs within the container platform, preserving the state of the container platform and its components, along with other container services, helps to facilitate container platform restart and return to the operational mode of the organization with less disruption to mission essential processes. When preserving state, considerations for preservation of data confidentiality and integrity must be taken into consideration.
SRG-APP-000233
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must isolate security functions from non-security functions.
Medium Severity
The container platform runtime must be configured to isolate those services used for security functions from those used for non-security functions. This separation can be performed using environment variables, labels, network segregation, and kernel groups.
SRG-APP-000234
1 Rule
The container platform must never automatically remove or disable emergency accounts.
Medium Severity
Emergency accounts are administrator accounts that are established in response to crisis situations where the need for rapid account activation is required. Therefore, emergency account activation may bypass normal account authorization processes. If these accounts are automatically disabled, system maintenance during emergencies may not be possible, thus adversely affecting system availability. Emergency accounts are different from infrequently used accounts (i.e., local logon accounts used by system administrators when network or normal logon/access is not available). Infrequently used accounts also remain available and are not subject to automatic termination dates. However, an emergency account is normally a different account that is created for use by vendors or system maintainers. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000243
1 Rule
The container platform must prohibit containers from accessing privileged resources.
Medium Severity
Containers images instantiated within the container platform may request access to host system resources. Access to privileged resources can allow for unauthorized and unintended transfer of information, but in some cases, these resources may be needed for the service being offered by the container. By default, containers should be denied instantiation when privileged system resources are requested and granted only after approval has been given. When access to privileged resources is necessary for a container, a new policy for execution should be written for the container. The default behavior must not give containers privileged access to host system resources. Examples of system resources that should be protected are kernel namespaces and host system sensitive directories such as /etc and /usr.
SRG-APP-000243
1 Rule
The container platform must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
Medium Severity
The container platform makes host system resources available to container services. These shared resources, such as the host system kernel, network connections, and storage, must be protected to prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer. The protections must be implemented for users and processes acting on behalf of users.
SRG-APP-000246
1 Rule
The container platform must restrict individuals' ability to launch organizationally defined denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against other information systems.
Medium Severity
The container platform will offer services to users and these services share resources available on the hosting system. To share the resources in a manner that does not exhaust or over utilize resources, it is necessary for the container platform to have mechanisms that allow developers to size there containers to provide minimum and maximum amounts. If there is no mechanism to specify limits, container services can cause DoS by over utilization.
SRG-APP-000266
1 Rule
The container platform must generate error messages that provide information necessary for corrective actions without revealing information that could be exploited by adversaries.
Medium Severity
The container platform is responsible for offering services to users. These services could be across diverse user groups and data types. To protect information about the container platform, services, users, and data, it is important during error message generation to offer enough information to diagnose the error, but not reveal information that needs to be protected.
SRG-APP-000290
1 Rule
The container platform must use cryptographic mechanisms to protect the integrity of audit tools.
Medium Severity
Protecting the integrity of the tools used for auditing purposes is a critical step to ensuring the integrity of audit data. Audit data includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity. Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators. It is common for attackers to replace the audit tools or inject code into the existing tools with the purpose of providing the capability to hide or erase system activity from the audit logs. To address this risk, audit tools must be cryptographically signed in order to provide the capability to identify when the audit tools have been modified, manipulated, or replaced. An example is a checksum hash of the file or files.
SRG-APP-000291
1 Rule
The container platform must notify system administrators (SAs) and the information system security officer (ISSO) when accounts are created.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply create a new account. Sending notification of account creation events to the SA and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to offload those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000292
1 Rule
The container platform must notify system administrators (SAs) and the information system security officer (ISSO) when accounts are modified.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are modified, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account modification events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000293
1 Rule
The container platform must notify system administrators and ISSO for account disabling actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are disabled, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying individual users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account disabling events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000294
1 Rule
The container platform must notify system administrators and ISSO for account removal actions.
Medium Severity
When application accounts are removed, user accessibility is affected. Accounts are utilized for identifying users or for identifying the application processes themselves. Sending notification of account removal events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time, and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many operating systems can be integrated with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements.
SRG-APP-000297
1 Rule
Access to the container platform must display an explicit logout message to user indicating the reliable termination of authenticated communication sessions.
Low Severity
Access to the container platform will occur through web and terminal sessions. Any web interfaces must conform to application and web security requirements. Terminal access to the container platform and its components must provide a logout facility that terminates the connection to the component or the platform.
SRG-APP-000317
1 Rule
The container platform must terminate shared/group account credentials when members leave the group.
Medium Severity
If shared/group account credentials are not terminated when individuals leave the group, the user that left the group can still gain access even though they are no longer authorized. A shared/group account credential is a shared form of authentication that allows multiple individuals to access the application using a single account. There may also be instances when specific user actions need to be performed on the information system without unique user identification or authentication. Examples of credentials include passwords and group membership certificates.
SRG-APP-000319
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically audit account-enabling actions.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Automatically auditing account enabling actions provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to off-load those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000320
1 Rule
The container platform must notify the system administrator (SA) and information system security officer (ISSO) of account enabling actions.
Medium Severity
Once an attacker establishes access to an application, the attacker often attempts to create a persistent method of re-establishing access. One way to accomplish this is for the attacker to simply enable a new or disabled account. Sending notification of account enabling events to the system administrator and ISSO is one method for mitigating this risk. Such a capability greatly reduces the risk that application accessibility will be negatively affected for extended periods of time and provides logging that can be used for forensic purposes. To detect and respond to events that affect user accessibility and application processing, applications must notify the appropriate individuals so they can investigate the event. To address access requirements, many application developers choose to integrate their applications with enterprise-level authentication/access/auditing mechanisms that meet or exceed access control policy requirements. Such integration allows the application developer to offload those access control functions and focus on core application features and functionality.
SRG-APP-000340
1 Rule
The container platform must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures.
Medium Severity
Controlling what users can perform privileged functions prevents unauthorized users from performing tasks that may expose data or degrade the container platform. When users are not segregated into privileged and non-privileged users, unauthorized individuals may perform tasks such as deploying containers, pulling images into the register, and modify keys in the keystore. These actions can introduce malicious containers and cause denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and undermine the container platform integrity. The enforcement may take place at the container platform and can be implemented within each container platform component (e.g. runtime, registry, and keystore).
SRG-APP-000342
1 Rule
Container images instantiated by the container platform must execute using least privileges.
Medium Severity
Containers running within the container platform must execute as non-privileged. When a container can execute as a privileged container, the privileged container is also a privileged user within the hosting system, and the hosting system becomes a major security risk. It is important for the container platform runtime to validate the container user and disallow instantiation if the container is trying to execute with more privileges than required, as a privileged user, or is trying to perform a privilege escalation. When privileged access is necessary for a container, a new policy for execution should be written for the container. The default behavior must not give containers privileged execution. Examples of privileged users are root, admin, and default service accounts for the container platform.
SRG-APP-000343
1 Rule
The container platform must audit the execution of privileged functions.
Medium Severity
Privileged functions within the container platform can be component specific or can envelope the entire container platform. Because of the nature of the commands, it is important to understand what command was executed for either investigation of an incident or for debugging/error correction; therefore, privileged function execution must be audited.
SRG-APP-000345
1 Rule
The container platform must automatically lock an account until the locked account is released by an administrator when three unsuccessful login attempts in 15 minutes are exceeded.
Medium Severity
By limiting the number of failed login attempts, the risk of unauthorized system access via user password guessing, otherwise known as brute forcing, is reduced. Limits are imposed by locking the account.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
The container platform must provide the configuration for organization-identified individuals or roles to change the auditing to be performed on all components, based on all selectable event criteria within organization-defined time thresholds.
Medium Severity
Auditing requirements may change per organization or situation within and organization. With the container platform allowing an organization to customize the auditing, an organization can decide to extend or limit auditing as necessary to meet organizational requirements. Auditing that is limited to conserve resources may be extended to address certain threat situations. In addition, auditing may be limited to a specific set of events to facilitate audit reduction, analysis, and reporting. Organizations can establish time thresholds in which audit actions are changed, for example, near real-time, within minutes, or within hours. Modifying auditing within the container platform must be controlled to only those individuals or roles identified by the organization to modify auditable events.
SRG-APP-000357
1 Rule
The container platform must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements.
Medium Severity
In order to ensure applications have a sufficient storage capacity in which to write the audit logs, applications need to be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. The task of allocating audit record storage capacity is usually performed during initial installation of the application and is closely associated with the DBA and system administrator roles. The DBA or system administrator will usually coordinate the allocation of physical drive space with the application owner/installer and the application will prompt the installer to provide the capacity information, the physical location of the disk, or both.
SRG-APP-000358
1 Rule
Audit records must be stored at a secondary location.
Medium Severity
Auditable events are used in the investigation of incidents and must be protected from being deleted or altered. Often, events that took place in the past must be viewed to understand the entire incident. For the purposes of audit event protection and recall, audit events are often off-loaded to an external storage location. The container platform must provide a mechanism to assist in the off-loading of the audit data or at a minimum, must not hinder an external process used for audit event off-loading.
SRG-APP-000359
1 Rule
The container platform must provide an immediate warning to the SA and ISSO (at a minimum) when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75 percent of repository maximum audit record storage capacity.
Medium Severity
If security personnel are not notified immediately upon storage volume utilization reaching 75 percent, they are unable to plan for storage capacity expansion.
SRG-APP-000360
1 Rule
The container platform must provide an immediate real-time alert to the SA and ISSO, at a minimum, of all audit failure events requiring real-time alerts.
Medium Severity
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impending failure of the audit capability and system operation may be adversely affected. Alerts provide organizations with urgent messages. Real-time alerts provide these messages immediately (i.e., the time from event detection to alert occurs in seconds or less).
SRG-APP-000374
1 Rule
All audit records must use UTC or GMT time stamps.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records using either Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) time stamps or local time that offset from UTC. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. Time stamps generated by the container platform and its components must include date and time.
SRG-APP-000375
1 Rule
The container platform must record time stamps for audit records that meet a granularity of one second for a minimum degree of precision.
Medium Severity
To properly investigate an event, it is important to have enough granularity within the time stamps to determine the chronological order of the audited events. Without this granularity, events may be interpreted out of proper sequence, thus hobbling the investigation or causing the investigation to come to inaccurate conclusions. Time stamps generated by the container platform include date and time. Granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between information system clocks and reference clocks.
SRG-APP-000378
1 Rule
The container platform must prohibit the installation of patches and updates without explicit privileged status.
Medium Severity
Controlling access to those users and roles responsible for patching and updating the container platform reduces the risk of untested or potentially malicious software from being installed within the platform. This access may be separate from the access required to install container images into the registry and those access requirements required to instantiate an image into a service. Explicit privileges (escalated or administrative privileges) provide the regular user with explicit capabilities and control that exceeds the rights of a regular user.
SRG-APP-000378
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must prohibit the instantiation of container images without explicit privileged status.
High Severity
Controlling access to those users and roles responsible for container image instantiation reduces the risk of untested or potentially malicious containers from being executed within the platform and on the hosting system. This access may be separate from the access required to install container images into the registry and those access requirements required to perform patch management and upgrades within the container platform. Explicit privileges (escalated or administrative privileges) provide the regular user with explicit capabilities and control that exceeds the rights of a regular user.
SRG-APP-000378
1 Rule
The container platform registry must prohibit installation or modification of container images without explicit privileged status.
Medium Severity
Controlling access to those users and roles that perform container platform registry functions reduces the risk of untested or potentially malicious containers from being introduced into the platform. This access may be separate from the access required to instantiate container images into services and those access requirements required to perform patch management and upgrades within the container platform. Explicit privileges (escalated or administrative privileges) provide the regular user with explicit capabilities and control that exceeds the rights of a regular user.
SRG-APP-000380
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce access restrictions for container platform configuration changes.
Medium Severity
Configuration changes cause the container platform to change the way it operates. These changes can be used to improve the system with added features or performance, but these configuration changes can also be used to introduce malicious features and degrade performance. To control the configuration changes made to the container platform, it is important that only authorized users are allowed, through container platform enforcement, to make configuration changes.
SRG-APP-000381
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce access restrictions and support auditing of the enforcement actions.
Medium Severity
Auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to the container platform helps identify attacks and provides forensic data for investigation for after-the-fact actions. Attempts to change configurations, components, or data maintained by a component (e.g., images in the registry, running containers in the runtime, or keys in the keystore) must be audited. Enforcement actions are the methods or mechanisms used to prevent unauthorized changes to configuration settings. Enforcement action methods may be as simple as denying access to a file based on the application of file permissions (access restriction). Audit items may consist of lists of actions blocked by access restrictions or changes identified after the fact.
SRG-APP-000383
1 Rule
All non-essential, unnecessary, and unsecure DoD ports, protocols, and services must be disabled in the container platform.
Medium Severity
To properly offer services to the user and to orchestrate containers, the container platform may offer services that use ports and protocols that best fit those services. The container platform, when offering the services, must only offer the services on ports and protocols authorized by the DoD. To validate that the services are using only the approved ports and protocols, the organization must perform a periodic scan/review of the container platform and disable functions, ports, protocols, and services deemed to be unneeded or non-secure.
SRG-APP-000384
1 Rule
The container platform must prevent component execution in accordance with organization-defined policies regarding software program usage and restrictions, and/or rules authorizing the terms and conditions of software program usage.
Medium Severity
The container platform may offer components such as DNS services, firewall services, router services, or web services that are not required by every organization to meet their needs. Container platform components may also add capabilities that run counter to the mission or that provide users with functionality that exceeds mission requirements. To meet the requirements of an organization, the container platform must have a method to remove or disable components not required to meet the organization's mission.
SRG-APP-000386
1 Rule
The container platform registry must employ a deny-all, permit-by-exception (whitelist) policy to allow only authorized container images in the container platform.
Medium Severity
Controlling the sources where container images can be pulled from allows the organization to define what software can be run within the container platform. Allowing any container image to be introduced and instantiated within the container platform may introduce malicious code and vulnerabilities to the platform and the hosting system. The container platform registry must deny all container images except for those signed by organizational-approved sources.
SRG-APP-000389
1 Rule
The container platform must require users to reauthenticate when organization-defined circumstances or situations require reauthentication.
Medium Severity
Controlling user access is paramount in securing the container platform. During a user's access to the container platform, events may occur that change the user's access and which require reauthentication. For instance, if the capability to change security roles or escalate privileges is implemented, it is critical the user reauthenticate. In addition to the reauthentication requirements associated with change in security roles or privilege escalation, organizations may require reauthentication of individuals in other situations, including (but not limited to) the following circumstances: (i) When authenticators change; (ii) When roles change; (iii) When security categories of information systems change; (iv) When the execution of privileged functions occurs; (v) After a fixed period of time; or (vi) Periodically. Within the DOD, the minimum circumstances requiring reauthentication are privilege escalation and role changes.
SRG-APP-000391
1 Rule
The container platform must be configured to use multi-factor authentication for user authentication.
Medium Severity
Controlling access to the container platform and its components is paramount in having a secure and stable system. Validating users is the first step in controlling the access. Users may be validated by the overall container platform or they may be validated by each component. To standardize and reduce the risks of unauthorized access, the use of multifactor token-based credentials is the preferred method. DoD has mandated the use of the CAC to support identity management and personal authentication for systems covered under HSPD 12, as well as a primary component of layered protection for national security systems.
SRG-APP-000400
1 Rule
The container platform must prohibit the use of cached authenticators after an organization-defined time period.
Medium Severity
If cached authentication information is out of date, the validity of the authentication information may be questionable.
SRG-APP-000401
1 Rule
The container platform, for PKI-based authentication, must implement a local cache of revocation data to support path discovery and validation in case of the inability to access revocation information via the network.
Medium Severity
The potential of allowing access to users who are no longer authorized (have revoked certificates) increases unless a local cache of revocation data is configured.
SRG-APP-000402
1 Rule
The container platform must accept Personal Identity Verification (PIV) credentials from other federal agencies.
Medium Severity
Controlling access to the container platform and its components is paramount in having a secure and stable system. Validating users is the first step in controlling the access. Users may be validated by the overall container platform or they may be validated by each component. It is essential to accept PIV credentials from other federal agencies and eliminate the possibility of access being denied to authorized users. PIV credentials are those credentials issued by federal agencies that conform to FIPS Publication 201 and supporting guidance documents. OMB Memorandum 11-11 requires federal agencies to continue implementing the requirements specified in HSPD-12 to enable agency-wide use of PIV credentials.
SRG-APP-000409
1 Rule
The container platform must audit non-local maintenance and diagnostic sessions' organization-defined audit events associated with non-local maintenance.
Medium Severity
To fully investigate an attack, it is important to understand the event and those events taking place during the same time period. Often, non-local administrative access and diagnostic sessions are not logged. These events are seen as only administrative functions and not worthy of being audited, but these events are important in any investigation and are a major tool for assessing and investigating attacks.
SRG-APP-000411
1 Rule
Container platform applications and Application Program Interfaces (API) used for nonlocal maintenance sessions must use FIPS-validated keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC) to protect the integrity of nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic communications.
Medium Severity
Unapproved mechanisms that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module are not verified, and therefore cannot be relied on to provide confidentiality or integrity, and DoD data may be compromised. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are activities conducted by individuals communicating through either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network. Currently, HMAC is the only FIPS-approved algorithm for generating and verifying message/data authentication codes in accordance with FIPS 198-1. Products that are FIPS 140-2 validated will have an HMAC that meets specification; however, the option must be configured for use as the only message authentication code used for authentication to cryptographic modules. Separate requirements for configuring applications and protocols used by each product (e.g., SNMPv3, SSHv2, NTP, and other protocols and applications that require server/client authentication) are required to implement this requirement. The SSHv2 protocol suite must be mandated in the product because it includes layer 7 protocols such as SCP and SFTP that can be used for secure file transfers.
SRG-APP-000412
1 Rule
The container platform must configure web management tools and Application Program Interfaces (API) with FIPS-validated Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher block algorithm to protect the confidentiality of maintenance and diagnostic communications for nonlocal maintenance sessions.
Medium Severity
Without confidentiality protection mechanisms, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive information via a remote access session. Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are activities conducted by individuals communicating through either an external network (e.g., the internet) or an internal network.
SRG-APP-000414
1 Rule
Vulnerability scanning applications must implement privileged access authorization to all container platform components, containers, and container images for selected organization-defined vulnerability scanning activities.
Medium Severity
In certain situations, the nature of the vulnerability scanning may be more intrusive, or the container platform component that is the subject of the scanning may contain highly sensitive information. Privileged access authorization to selected system components facilitates more thorough vulnerability scanning and protects the sensitive nature of such scanning. The vulnerability scanning application must utilize privileged access authorization for the scanning account.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
The container platform must implement NSA-approved cryptography to protect classified information in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards.
Medium Severity
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data and images. The container platform must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested and validated.
SRG-APP-000429
1 Rule
The container platform keystore must implement encryption to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information at rest within the container platform.
High Severity
Container platform keystore is used for container deployments for persistent storage of all its REST API objects. These objects are sensitive in nature and should be encrypted at rest to avoid any unauthorized disclosure. Selection of a cryptographic mechanism is based on the need to protect the confidentiality of organizational information. The strength of mechanism is commensurate with the security category and/or classification of the information.
SRG-APP-000431
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must maintain separate execution domains for each container by assigning each container a separate address space.
Medium Severity
Container namespace access is limited upon runtime execution. Each container is a distinct process so that communication between containers is performed in a manner controlled through security policies that limits the communication so one container cannot modify another container. Different groups of containers with different security needs should be deployed in separate namespaces as a first level of isolation. Namespaces are a key boundary for network policies, orchestrator access control restrictions, and other important security controls. Separating workloads into namespaces can help contain attacks and limit the impact of mistakes or destructive actions by authorized users.
SRG-APP-000435
1 Rule
The container platform must protect against or limit the effects of all types of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by employing organization-defined security safeguards.
Medium Severity
DoS is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity. This requirement addresses the configuration of the container platform to mitigate the impact of DoS attacks that have occurred. For each container platform component, known and potential DoS attacks must be identified and solutions for each type implemented. A variety of technologies exist to limit or, in some cases, eliminate the effects of DoS attacks (e.g., limiting runtime processes or restricting the number of sessions the container platform runtime open, limiting container resources to memory and CPU). Processes are an important indicator of security-and operations-relevant container activity. Process names and their arguments provide important visibility into a container’s activity. If an image includes non-default aliases or renamed binaries, attackers will still attempt to use well-known names. The same malicious or unwanted activity might affect multiple deployments across different applications or environments. Staff investigating a potential incident need to find those exposures quickly.
SRG-APP-000439
1 Rule
The application must protect the confidentiality and integrity of transmitted information.
High Severity
Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality and integrity may be compromised since unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered. This requirement applies only to those applications that either are distributed or can allow access to data non-locally. Use of this requirement will be limited to situations where the data owner has a strict requirement for ensuring data integrity and confidentiality is maintained at every step of the data transfer and handling process. When transmitting data, applications need to leverage transmission protection mechanisms, such as TLS, TLS VPNs, or IPsec. Communication paths outside the physical protection of a controlled boundary are exposed to the possibility of interception and modification. Protecting the confidentiality and integrity of organizational information can be accomplished by physical means (e.g., employing physical distribution systems) or by logical means (e.g., employing cryptographic techniques). If physical means of protection are employed, then logical means (cryptography) do not have to be employed, and vice versa.
SRG-APP-000441
1 Rule
The container platform must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during preparation for transmission.
Medium Severity
Information may be unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission within the container platform during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during container image runtime. These unauthorized disclosures or modifications compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the information. When transmitting data, the container platform components need to leverage transmission protection mechanisms, such as TLS, TLS VPNs, or IPsec.
SRG-APP-000442
1 Rule
The container platform must maintain the confidentiality and integrity of information during reception.
Medium Severity
Information either can be unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception for reception within the container platform during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during container image runtime. These unauthorized disclosures or modifications compromise the confidentiality or integrity of the information. When receiving data, the container platform components need to leverage protection mechanisms, such as TLS, TLS VPNs, or IPsec.
SRG-APP-000447
1 Rule
The container platform must behave in a predictable and documented manner that reflects organizational and system objectives when invalid inputs are received.
Medium Severity
Software or code parameters typically follow well-defined protocols that use structured messages (i.e., commands or queries) to communicate between software modules or system components. Structured messages can contain raw or unstructured data interspersed with metadata or control information. If attacker-supplied inputs to construct structured messages without properly encoding such messages, then the attacker could insert malicious commands or special characters that can cause the data to be interpreted as control information or metadata. This requirement guards against adverse or unintended system behavior caused by invalid inputs, where container platform components responses to the invalid input may be disruptive or cause the container image runtime to fail into an unsafe state. The behavior will be derived from the organizational and system requirements and includes, but is not limited to, notification of the appropriate personnel, creating an audit record, and rejecting invalid input.
SRG-APP-000450
1 Rule
The container platform must implement organization-defined security safeguards to protect system CPU and memory from resource depletion and unauthorized code execution.
Medium Severity
The execution of images within the container platform runtime must implement organizational defined security safeguards to prevent distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) and other possible attacks against the container image at runtime. Security safeguards employed to protect memory and CPU include, for example, data execution prevention and address space layout randomization. Data execution prevention safeguards can be software-enforced. Other means of protection are to limit memory and CPU resources to a container.
SRG-APP-000454
1 Rule
The container platform must remove old components after updated versions have been installed.
Medium Severity
Previous versions of container platform components that are not removed from the container platform after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries by causing older components to execute which contain vulnerabilities. When these components are deleted, the likelihood of this happening is removed.
SRG-APP-000454
1 Rule
The container platform registry must remove old container images after updating versions have been made available.
Medium Severity
Obsolete and stale images need to be removed from the registry to ensure the container platform maintains a secure posture. While the storing of these images does not directly pose a threat, they do increase the likelihood of these images being deployed. Removing stale or obsolete images and only keeping the most recent versions of those that are still in use removes any possibility of vulnerable images being deployed.
SRG-APP-000456
1 Rule
The container platform registry must contain the latest images with most recent updates and execute within the container platform runtime as authorized by IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs.
Medium Severity
Software supporting the container platform, images in the registry must stay up to date with the latest patches, service packs, and hot fixes. Not updating the container platform and container images will expose the organization to vulnerabilities. Flaws discovered during security assessments, continuous monitoring, incident response activities, or information system error handling must also be addressed expeditiously. Organization-defined time periods for updating security-relevant container platform components may vary based on a variety of factors including, for example, the security category of the information system or the criticality of the update (i.e., severity of the vulnerability related to the discovered flaw). This requirement will apply to software patch management solutions that are used to install patches across the enclave and to applications themselves that are not part of that patch management solution. For example, many browsers today provide the capability to install their own patch software. Patch criticality, as well as system criticality will vary. Therefore, the tactical situations regarding the patch management process will also vary. This means that the time period utilized must be a configurable parameter. Time frames for application of security-relevant software updates may be dependent upon the Information Assurance Vulnerability Management (IAVM) process. The container platform components will be configured to check for and install security-relevant software updates within an identified time period from the availability of the update. The container platform registry will ensure the images are current. The specific time period will be defined by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
SRG-APP-000456
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must have updates installed within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
Medium Severity
The container platform runtime must be carefully monitored for vulnerabilities, and when problems are detected, they must be remediated quickly. A vulnerable runtime exposes all containers it supports, as well as the host itself, to potentially significant risk. Organizations should use tools to look for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) vulnerabilities in the runtimes deployed, to upgrade any instances at risk, and to ensure that orchestrators only allow deployments to properly maintained runtimes.
SRG-APP-000472
1 Rule
The organization-defined role must verify correct operation of security functions in the container platform.
Medium Severity
Without verification, security functions may not operate correctly and this failure may go unnoticed within the container platform. The container platform components must identity and ensure the security functions are still operational and applicable to the organization. Security functions are responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters. Notifications provided by information systems include, for example, electronic alerts to system administrators.
SRG-APP-000473
1 Rule
The container platform must perform verification of the correct operation of security functions: upon system startup and/or restart; upon command by a user with privileged access; and/or every 30 days. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters.
Medium Severity
Without verification, security functions may not operate correctly and this failure may go unnoticed within the container platform. Security functions are responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters. Notifications provided by information systems include, for example, electronic alerts to organization-defined role.
SRG-APP-000474
1 Rule
The container platform must provide system notifications to the system administrator and operational staff when anomalies in the operation of the organization-defined security functions are discovered.
Medium Severity
If anomalies are not acted upon, security functions may fail to secure the container within the container platform runtime. Security functions are responsible for enforcing the system security policy and supporting the isolation of code and data on which the protection is based. Security functionality includes, but is not limited to, establishing system accounts, configuring access authorizations (i.e., permissions, privileges), setting events to be audited, and setting intrusion detection parameters. Notifications provided by information systems include, for example, electronic alerts to system administrators.
SRG-APP-000492
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access security objects occur.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful access security objects occur. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation access controls levels can access by unauthorized users unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000493
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access security levels occur.
Medium Severity
Unauthorized users could access the security levels to exploit vulnerabilities within the container platform component. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can access security levels unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000494
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000495
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify privileges occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000496
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify security objects occur.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records when modifying security objects. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can modify security objects unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000497
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify security levels occur.
Medium Severity
Unauthorized users could modify the security levels to exploit vulnerabilities within the container platform component. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can modify security levels unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000498
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to modify categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000499
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete privileges occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000500
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete security levels occur.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records when deleting security levels. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can delete security levels unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000501
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete security objects occur.
Medium Severity
Unauthorized users modify level the security levels to exploit vulnerabilities within the container platform component. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can access delete security objects unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000502
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to delete categories of information (e.g., classification levels) occur.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000503
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful logon attempts occur.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful logon attempts occur. The information system can determine if an account is compromised or is in the process of being compromised and can take actions to thwart the attack. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible.
SRG-APP-000504
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit record for privileged activities.
Medium Severity
The container platform components will generate audit records for privilege activities and container platform runtime, registry, and keystore must generate access audit records to detect possible malicious intent. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. It would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate events relating to an incident or identify those responsible without these activities. Audit records can be generated from various components within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000505
1 Rule
The container platform audit records must record user access start and end times.
Medium Severity
The container platform must generate audit records showing start and end times for users and services acting on behalf of a user accessing the registry and keystore. These components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible.
SRG-APP-000506
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records when concurrent logons from different workstations and systems occur.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components must generate audit records for concurrent logons from workstations perform remote maintenance, runtime instances, connectivity to the container registry, and keystore. All the components must use the same standard so the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible.
SRG-APP-000507
1 Rule
The container platform runtime must generate audit records when successful/unsuccessful attempts to access objects occur.
Medium Severity
Container platform runtime objects are defined as configuration files, code, etc. This provides the ability to configure resources and software parameters prior to image execution from the container platform registry. An unauthorized user with malicious intent could modify existing objects causing vulnerabilities or attacks. It would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate events relating to an incident or identify those responsible without audit record generation. Without audit record generation, unauthorized users can access objects unknowingly for malicious intent creating vulnerabilities within the container platform.
SRG-APP-000508
1 Rule
Direct access to the container platform must generate audit records.
Medium Severity
Direct access to the container platform and its components must generate audit records. All the components must use the same standard so that the events can be tied together to understand what took place within the overall container platform. This must establish, correlate, and help assist with investigating the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible.
SRG-APP-000509
1 Rule
The container platform must generate audit records for all account creations, modifications, disabling, and termination events.
Medium Severity
Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident, or identify those responsible for one. Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).
SRG-APP-000510
1 Rule
The container runtime must generate audit records for all container execution, shutdown, restart events, and program initiations.
Medium Severity
The container runtime must generate audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization. Without audit record, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate events relating to an incident.
SRG-APP-000514
1 Rule
The container platform must use a valid FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic modules to generate hashes.
Medium Severity
The cryptographic module used must have at least one validated hash algorithm. This validated hash algorithm must be used to generate cryptographic hashes for all cryptographic security function within the container platform components being evaluated. FIPS 140-2 precludes the use of invalidated cryptography for the cryptographic protection of sensitive or valuable data within Federal systems. Unvalidated cryptography is viewed by NIST as providing no protection to the information or data. In effect, the data would be considered unprotected plaintext. If the agency specifies that the information or data be cryptographically protected, then FIPS 140-2 is applicable. In essence, if cryptography is required, it must be validated. Cryptographic modules that have been approved for classified use may be used in lieu of modules that have been validated against the FIPS 140-2 standard.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
Container platform components must be configured in accordance with the security configuration settings based on DoD security configuration or implementation guidance, including SRGs, STIGs, NSA configuration guides, CTOs, and DTMs.
Medium Severity
Container platform components are part of the overall container platform, offering services that enable the container platform to fully orchestrate user containers. These components may fall outside the scope of this document, but they still must be secured. Examples of such components are DNS, routers, and firewalls. These and any other services offered by the container platform must follow the appropriate STIG or SRG for the technology offered. If a STIG or SRG is not available for the technology, then best practices for the technology must be used. For example, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) is an open-source organization that is working on container platform best practices.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
The container platform must be able to store and instantiate industry standard container images.
Medium Severity
Monitoring the container images and containers during their lifecycle is important to guarantee the container platform is secure. To monitor the containers and images, security tools can be put in place. To fully utilize the security tools available, using images formatted in an industry standard format should be used. This allows the tools to fully understand the images and containers. One standard being worked on by industry leaders in the container space is the Open Container Initiative (OCI). This group is developing a standard container image format.
SRG-APP-000516
1 Rule
The container platform must continuously scan components, containers, and images for vulnerabilities.
Medium Severity
Finding vulnerabilities quickly within the container platform and within containers deployed within the platform is important to keep the overall platform secure. When a vulnerability within a component or container is unknown or allowed to remain unpatched, other containers and customers within the platform become vulnerability. The vulnerability can lead to the loss of application data, organizational infrastructure data, and denial of service (DoS) to hosted applications. Vulnerability scanning can be performed by the container platform or by external applications.
SRG-APP-000560
1 Rule
The container platform must prohibit communication using TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1, and SSL 2.0 and 3.0.
Medium Severity
The container platform and its components will prohibit the use of SSL and unauthorized versions of TLS protocols to properly secure communication. The use of unsupported protocol exposes vulnerabilities to the container platform by rogue traffic interceptions, man-in-the middle-attacks, and impersonation of users or services from the container platform runtime, registry, and keystore. The container platform and its components will adhere to NIST 800-52R2.
SRG-APP-000605
1 Rule
The container platform must validate certificates used for Transport Layer Security (TLS) functions by performing an RFC 5280-compliant certification path validation.
Medium Severity
A certification path is the path from the end entity certificate to a trusted root certification authority (CA). Certification path validation is necessary for a relying party to make an informed decision regarding acceptance of an end entity certificate and discourages the use of self-signed certificates. Certification path validation includes checks such as certificate issuer trust, time validity, and revocation status for each certificate in the certification path. Revocation status information for CA and subject certificates in a certification path is commonly provided via certificate revocation lists (CRLs) or online certificate status protocol (OCSP) responses. Compliance checks should be in accordance to RFC 5280. Not adhering to RFC 5280 could result in rogue certificates, session hijacks, man-in-the-middle, denial-of-service attacks, malware, and data or information manipulation.
SRG-APP-000610
1 Rule
The container platform must use FIPS-validated SHA-2 or higher hash function for digital signature generation and verification (non-legacy use).
Medium Severity
Without the use of digital signature, information can be altered by unauthorized accounts accessing or modifying the container platform registry, keystore, and container at runtime. Digital signatures provide non-repudiation for transactions between the components within the container platform. Without the use of approved FIPS-validated SHA-2 or higher hash function with digital signatures, the container platform cannot claim the validity of the individual or service identity and guarantee private key is kept secret. Keeping the private keys secure is vital for validating individuals or service identity prior to information exchange. The container platform must be configured to use SHA-2 or higher hash functions for digital signatures in accordance with SP 800-131Ar2.
SRG-APP-000635
1 Rule
The container platform must use a FIPS-validated cryptographic module to implement encryption services for unclassified information requiring confidentiality.
High Severity
Unvalidated cryptography is viewed by NIST as providing no protection to the information or data. In effect, the data would be considered unprotected plaintext. If the agency specifies that the information or data be cryptographically protected, then FIPS 140-2 is applicable. In essence, if cryptography is required, it must be validated. Cryptographic modules that have been approved for classified use may be used in lieu of modules that have been validated against the FIPS 140-2 standard. Cryptographic module used must have one FIPS-validated encryption algorithm (i.e., validated Advanced Encryption Standard [AES]). This validated algorithm must be used for encryption for cryptographic security function within the container platform component and information residing in the container platform registry and keystore.
SRG-APP-000645
1 Rule
The container platform must prohibit or restrict the use of protocols that transmit unencrypted authentication information or use flawed cryptographic algorithms for transmission.
High Severity
The use of secure ports, protocols and services within the container platform must be controlled and conform to the PPSM CAL. Those ports, protocols, and services that fall outside the PPSM CAL must be blocked by the runtime. Instructions on the PPSM can be found in DoD Instruction 8551.01 Policy. Unsecure protocols for transmission will expose the information system data and information, making the session susceptible to manipulation, hijacking, and man-in-the middle attacks.
SRG-APP-000318
1 Rule
The container platform must enforce organization-defined circumstances and/or usage conditions for organization-defined accounts.
Medium Severity
Activity under unusual conditions can indicate hostile activity. For example, what is normal activity during business hours can indicate hostile activity if it occurs during off hours. Depending on mission needs and conditions, account usage restrictions based on conditions and circumstances may be critical to limit access to resources and data to comply with operational or mission access control requirements. Thus, the application must be configured to enforce the specific conditions or circumstances under which application accounts can be used (e.g., by restricting usage to certain days of the week, time of day, or specific durations of time).
SRG-APP-000705
1 Rule
The container platform must disable accounts when the accounts are no longer associated to a user.
Medium Severity
Disabling expired, inactive, or otherwise anomalous accounts supports the concepts of least privilege and least functionality which reduce the attack surface of the system.
SRG-APP-000745
1 Rule
The container platform must implement the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system.
Medium Severity
Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include Security Information and Event Management products.
SRG-APP-000795
1 Rule
The container platform must alert organization-defined personnel or roles upon detection of unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of audit information.
Medium Severity
Audit information includes all information needed to successfully audit system activity, such as audit records, audit log settings, audit reports, and personally identifiable information. Audit logging tools are those programs and devices used to conduct system audit and logging activities. Protection of audit information focuses on technical protection and limits the ability to access and execute audit logging tools to authorized individuals. Physical protection of audit information is addressed by both media protection controls and physical and environmental protection controls.
SRG-APP-000820
1 Rule
The container platform must implement multifactor authentication for local; network; and/or remote access to privileged accounts; and/or nonprivileged accounts such that one of the factors is provided by a device separate from the system gaining access.
Medium Severity
The purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the system to which the user is attempting to gain access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication is to reduce the likelihood of compromising authenticators or credentials stored on the system. Adversaries may be able to compromise such authenticators or credentials and subsequently impersonate authorized users. Implementing one of the factors on a separate device (e.g., a hardware token), provides a greater strength of mechanism and an increased level of assurance in the authentication process.
SRG-APP-000825
1 Rule
The container platform must implement multifactor authentication for local; network; and/or remote access to privileged accounts; and/or nonprivileged accounts such that the device meets organization-defined strength of mechanism requirements.
Medium Severity
The purpose of requiring a device that is separate from the system to which the user is attempting to gain access for one of the factors during multifactor authentication is to reduce the likelihood of compromising authenticators or credentials stored on the system. Adversaries may be able to compromise such authenticators or credentials and subsequently impersonate authorized users. Implementing one of the factors on a separate device (e.g., a hardware token), provides a greater strength of mechanism and an increased level of assurance in the authentication process.
SRG-APP-000830
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, maintain a list of commonly used, expected, or compromised passwords on an organization-defined frequency.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000835
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, update the list of passwords on an organization-defined frequency.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000840
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, update the list of passwords when organizational passwords are suspected to have been compromised directly or indirectly.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000845
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, verify when users create or update passwords, that the passwords are not found on the list of commonly-used, expected, or compromised passwords in IA-5 (1) (a).
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000855
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, require immediate selection of a new password upon account recovery.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000860
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, allow user selection of long passwords and passphrases, including spaces and all printable characters.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000865
1 Rule
The container platform must for password-based authentication, employ automated tools to assist the user in selecting strong password authenticators.
Medium Severity
Password-based authentication applies to passwords regardless of whether they are used in single-factor or multi-factor authentication. Long passwords or passphrases are preferable over shorter passwords. Enforced composition rules provide marginal security benefits while decreasing usability. However, organizations may choose to establish certain rules for password generation (e.g., minimum character length for long passwords) under certain circumstances and can enforce this requirement in IA-5(1)(h). Account recovery can occur, for example, in situations when a password is forgotten. Cryptographically protected passwords include salted one-way cryptographic hashes of passwords. The list of commonly used, compromised, or expected passwords includes passwords obtained from previous breach corpuses, dictionary words, and repetitive or sequential characters. The list includes context-specific words, such as the name of the service, username, and derivatives thereof.
SRG-APP-000880
1 Rule
The container platform must protect nonlocal maintenance sessions by separating the maintenance session from other network sessions with the system by logically separated communications paths.
Medium Severity
Nonlocal maintenance and diagnostic activities are conducted by individuals who communicate through either an external or internal network. Communications paths can be logically separated using encryption.
SRG-APP-000910
1 Rule
The container platform must include only approved trust anchors in trust stores or certificate stores managed by the organization.
Medium Severity
Public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates are certificates with visibility external to organizational systems and certificates related to the internal operations of systems, such as application-specific time services. In cryptographic systems with a hierarchical structure, a trust anchor is an authoritative source (i.e., a certificate authority) for which trust is assumed and not derived. A root certificate for a PKI system is an example of a trust anchor. A trust store or certificate store maintains a list of trusted root certificates.
SRG-APP-000915
1 Rule
The container platform must provide protected storage for cryptographic keys with organization-defined safeguards and/or hardware protected key store.
Medium Severity
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an example of a hardware-protected data store that can be used to protect cryptographic keys.
SRG-APP-000920
1 Rule
The container platform must synchronize system clocks within and between systems or system components.
Medium Severity
Time synchronization of system clocks is essential for the correct execution of many system services, including identification and authentication processes that involve certificates and time-of-day restrictions as part of access control. Denial of service or failure to deny expired credentials may result without properly synchronized clocks within and between systems and system components. Time is commonly expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a modern continuation of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or local time with an offset from UTC. The granularity of time measurements refers to the degree of synchronization between system clocks and reference clocks, such as clocks synchronizing within hundreds of milliseconds or tens of milliseconds. Organizations may define different time granularities for system components. Time service can be critical to other security capabilities such as access control and identification and authentication depending on the nature of the mechanisms used to support the capabilities.
SRG-APP-000247
1 Rule
The container must have resource request limits set.
Medium Severity
Setting a container resource request limit allows the container platform to determine the best location for the container to execute. The container platform looks at the resources available and finds the location that will require the minimum resources for the container to execute. Examples of resources that can be specified are CPU, memory, and storage.
SRG-APP-000380
1 Rule
The container root filesystem must be mounted as read-only.
Medium Severity
Any changes to a container must be made by rebuilding the image and redeploying the new container image. Once a container is running, changes to the root filesystem should not be needed, thus preserving the immutable nature of the container. Any attempts to change the root filesystem are usually malicious in nature and can be prevented by making the root filesystem read-only.