CIS Ubuntu 22.04 Level 2 Server Benchmark
Rules and Groups employed by this XCCDF Profile
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Records Events that Modify Date and Time Information
Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are hi...Group -
Record attempts to alter time through adjtimex
If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default),...Rule Medium Severity -
Record Attempts to Alter Time Through clock_settime
If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default),...Rule Medium Severity -
Record attempts to alter time through settimeofday
If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default),...Rule Medium Severity -
Record Attempts to Alter Time Through stime
If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default),...Rule Medium Severity -
Record Attempts to Alter the localtime File
If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default),...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure auditd Data Retention
The audit system writes data to <code>/var/log/audit/audit.log</code>. By default, <code>auditd</code> rotates 5 logs by size (6MB), retaining a ma...Group -
Configure auditd mail_acct Action on Low Disk Space
The <code>auditd</code> service can be configured to send email to a designated account in certain situations. Add or correct the following line in...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure auditd admin_space_left Action on Low Disk Space
The <code>auditd</code> service can be configured to take an action when disk space is running low but prior to running out of space completely. Ed...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure auditd Max Log File Size
Determine the amount of audit data (in megabytes) which should be retained in each log file. Edit the file <code>/etc/audit/auditd.conf</code>. Add...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure auditd max_log_file_action Upon Reaching Maximum Log Size
The default action to take when the logs reach their maximum size is to rotate the log files, discarding the oldest one. To configure the action ta...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure auditd space_left Action on Low Disk Space
The <code>auditd</code> service can be configured to take an action when disk space <i>starts</i> to run low. Edit the file <code>/etc/audit/auditd...Rule Medium Severity -
AppArmor
Many security vulnerabilities result from bugs in trusted programs. A trusted program runs with privileges that attackers want to possess. The prog...Group -
Ensure AppArmor is installed
AppArmor provide Mandatory Access Controls.Rule Medium Severity -
Enforce all AppArmor Profiles
AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access. To set all profiles to enforce mode run the following command: <pre>$ sudo...Rule Medium Severity -
All AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode
AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access. To set all profiles to either <code>enforce</code> or <code>complain</code...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration
Configure AppArmor to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten by the bootloader boot parameters. Note: This recommenda...Rule Medium Severity -
GRUB2 bootloader configuration
During the boot process, the boot loader is responsible for starting the execution of the kernel and passing options to it. The boot loader allows ...Group -
Non-UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configuration
Non-UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configurationGroup -
Verify /boot/grub/grub.cfg User Ownership
The file <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> should be owned by the <code>root</code> user to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To pro...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify /boot/grub/grub.cfg Permissions
File permissions for <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> should be set to 600. To properly set the permissions of <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code>, r...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Boot Loader Password in grub2
The grub2 boot loader should have a superuser account and password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. <br><br> Since plaintext passw...Rule High Severity -
UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configuration
UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configurationGroup -
Set the UEFI Boot Loader Password
The grub2 boot loader should have a superuser account and password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. <br><br> Since plaintext passw...Rule High Severity -
Configure Syslog
The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lac...Group -
Ensure rsyslog is Installed
Rsyslog is installed by default. Thersyslogpackage can be installed with the following command:$ apt-get install rsyslog
Rule Medium Severity -
Enable rsyslog Service
The <code>rsyslog</code> service provides syslog-style logging by default on Ubuntu 22.04. The <code>rsyslog</code> service can be enabled with th...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure rsyslog Default File Permissions Configured
rsyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This settings controls what permissions will be applied to these newly create...Rule Medium Severity -
systemd-journald
systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging ...Group -
Install systemd-journal-remote Package
Journald (via systemd-journal-remote ) supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote h...Rule Medium Severity -
Enable systemd-journald Service
The <code>systemd-journald</code> service is an essential component of systemd. The <code>systemd-journald</code> service can be enabled with the ...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files
The journald system can compress large log files to avoid fill the system disk.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure journald is configured to write log files to persistent disk
The journald system may store log files in volatile memory or locally on disk. If the logs are only stored in volatile memory they will we lost upo...Rule Medium Severity -
Disable systemd-journal-remote Socket
Journald supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server. Clients should not receive data from other hosts....Rule Medium Severity -
Configure rsyslogd to Accept Remote Messages If Acting as a Log Server
By default, <code>rsyslog</code> does not listen over the network for log messages. If needed, modules can be enabled to allow the rsyslog daemon t...Group -
Ensure rsyslog Does Not Accept Remote Messages Unless Acting As Log Server
The <code>rsyslog</code> daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. To ensure that it is not listening on the...Rule Medium Severity -
Rsyslog Logs Sent To Remote Host
If system logs are to be useful in detecting malicious activities, it is necessary to send logs to a remote server. An intruder who has compromised...Group -
Ensure Logs Sent To Remote Host
To configure rsyslog to send logs to a remote log server, open <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> and read and understand the last section of the file,...Rule Medium Severity -
Network Configuration and Firewalls
Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses th...Group -
iptables and ip6tables
A host-based firewall called <code>netfilter</code> is included as part of the Linux kernel distributed with the system. It is activated by default...Group -
Install iptables Package
Theiptablespackage can be installed with the following command:$ apt-get install iptables
Rule Medium Severity -
Remove iptables-persistent Package
Theiptables-persistentpackage can be removed with the following command:$ apt-get remove iptables-persistent
Rule Medium Severity -
Inspect and Activate Default Rules
View the currently-enforced <code>iptables</code> rules by running the command: <pre>$ sudo iptables -nL --line-numbers</pre> The command is analog...Group -
Set Default ip6tables Policy for Incoming Packets
To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following l...Rule Medium Severity -
Set configuration for IPv6 loopback traffic
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network.Rule Medium Severity -
Set configuration for loopback traffic
Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network.Rule Medium Severity -
Strengthen the Default Ruleset
The default rules can be strengthened. The system scripts that activate the firewall rules expect them to be defined in the configuration files <co...Group -
Ensure ip6tables Firewall Rules Exist for All Open Ports
Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure iptables Firewall Rules Exist for All Open Ports
Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.Rule Medium Severity -
Set Default iptables Policy for Incoming Packets
To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following l...Rule Medium Severity
Node 2
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