I - Mission Critical Public
Rules and Groups employed by this XCCDF Profile
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SRG-APP-000231-DB-000154
Group -
The Service Master Key must be backed up, stored offline and off-site.
Backup and recovery of the Service Master Key may be critical to the complete recovery of the database. Not having this key can lead to loss of data during recovery.Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000023-DB-000001
Group -
SQL Server authentication and identity management must be integrated with an organization-level authentication/access mechanism providing account management and automation for all users, groups, roles, and any other principals.
Enterprise environments make account management for applications and databases challenging and complex. A manual process for account management functions adds the risk of a potential oversight or o...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000091-DB-000325
Group -
Where SQL Server Audit is in use, SQL Server must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to retrieve privileges/permissions occur.
Under some circumstances, it may be useful to monitor who/what is reading privilege/permission/role information. Therefore, it must be possible to configure auditing to do this. DBMSs typically mak...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000109-DB-000321
Group -
Where availability is paramount, the SQL Server must continue processing (preferably overwriting existing records, oldest first), in the event of lack of space for more Audit/Trace log records; and must keep processing after any failure of an Audit/Trace.
It is critical that when SQL Server is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required, it take action to mitigate the failure. Audit processing failures include: software/hardware errors; fai...Rule High Severity -
SRG-APP-000133-DB-000362
Group -
The role(s)/group(s) used to modify database structure (including but not necessarily limited to tables, indexes, storage, etc.) and logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, links to software external to SQL Server, etc.) must be restricted to authorized users.
If SQL Server were to allow any user to make changes to database structure or logic, then those changes might be implemented without undergoing the appropriate testing and approvals that are part o...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000179-DB-000114
Group -
SQL Server must use NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules for cryptographic operations.
Use of weak or not validated cryptographic algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption and digital signatures to protect data. Weak algorithms can be easily broken and not validated ...Rule High Severity -
SRG-APP-000243-DB-000374
Group -
Access to database files must be limited to relevant processes and to authorized, administrative users.
Applications, including DBMSs, must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources. Permitting only DBMS processes and authorized, administrative users to have...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000295-DB-000305
Group -
SQL Server must automatically terminate a user session after organization-defined conditions or trigger events requiring session disconnect.
This addresses the termination of user-initiated logical sessions in contrast to the termination of network connections that are associated with communications sessions (i.e., network disconnect). ...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000340-DB-000304
Group -
SQL Server must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functionality, to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures.
Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges. System ...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000342-DB-000302
Group -
Execution of software modules (to include stored procedures, functions, and triggers) with elevated privileges must be restricted to necessary cases only.
In certain situations, to provide required functionality, a DBMS needs to execute internal logic (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) and/or external code modules with elevated privileges...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000356-DB-000314
Group -
SQL Server must utilize centralized management of the content captured in audit records generated by all components of the DBMS.
Without the ability to centrally manage the content captured in the audit records, identification, troubleshooting, and correlation of suspicious behavior would be difficult and could lead to a del...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000357-DB-000316
Group -
SQL Server must allocate audit record storage capacity in accordance with organization-defined audit record storage requirements.
In order to ensure sufficient storage capacity for the audit logs, SQL Server must be able to allocate audit record storage capacity. Although another requirement (SRG-APP-000515-DB-000318) mandate...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000359-DB-000319
Group -
SQL Server, the operating system, or the storage system must provide a warning to appropriate support staff when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of maximum audit record storage capacity.
Organizations are required to use a central log management system, so, under normal conditions, the audit space allocated to SQL Server on its own server will not be an issue. However, space will s...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000360-DB-000320
Group -
SQL Server or software monitoring SQL Server must provide an immediate real-time alert to appropriate support staff of all audit log failures.
It is critical for the appropriate personnel to be aware if a system is at risk of failing to process audit logs as required. Without a real-time alert, security personnel may be unaware of an impe...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000374-DB-000322
Group -
SQL Server must produce time stamps that can be mapped to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, formerly GMT).
If time stamps are not consistently applied and there is no common time reference, it is difficult to perform forensic analysis, in audit files, trace files/tables, and application data tables. Ti...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000378-DB-000365
Group -
SQL Server must prohibit user installation of logic modules (stored procedures, functions, triggers, views, etc.) without explicit privileged status.
Allowing regular users to install software, without explicit privileges, creates the risk that untested or potentially malicious software will be installed on the system. Explicit privileges (escal...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000380-DB-000360
Group -
SQL Server and Windows must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the SQL Server instance or database(s).
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions p...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000381-DB-000361
Group -
SQL Server must produce Trace or Audit records of its enforcement of access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the DBMS or database(s).
Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to configuration, it would be difficult to identify attempted attacks and an audit trail would not be available for forensic ...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000383-DB-000364
Group -
SQL Server must disable communication protocols not required for operation.
Having unnecessary protocols enabled exposes the system to avoidable threats. In a typical installation, only TCP/IP will be required.Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000429-DB-000387
Group -
SQL Server must implement and/or support cryptographic mechanisms preventing the unauthorized disclosure of organization-defined information at rest on organization-defined information system components.
DBMSs handling data requiring "data at rest" protections must employ cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure and modification of the information at rest. These cryptographic mec...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000441-DB-000378
Group -
The confidentiality and integrity of information managed by SQL Server must be maintained during preparation for transmission.
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, an...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000442-DB-000379
Group -
The confidentiality and integrity of information managed by SQL Server must be maintained during reception.
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during reception, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, and during packing/un...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000456-DB-000390
Group -
Security-relevant software updates to SQL Server must be installed within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g., IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
Security flaws with software applications, including database management systems, are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered secur...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000456-DB-000390
Group -
Software updates to SQL Server must be tested before being applied to production systems.
While it is important to apply SQL Server updates in a timely manner, it is also incumbent upon the database administrator and/or system administrator to ensure that their deployment will not inter...Rule Medium Severity -
SRG-APP-000492-DB-000332
Group -
SQL Server must produce Trace or Audit records when security objects are accessed.
Changes to the security configuration must be tracked. This requirement applies to situations where security data is retrieved or modified via data manipulation operations, as opposed to via SQL ...Rule Medium Severity
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