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CIS Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Benchmark for Level 2 - Server

Rules and Groups employed by this XCCDF Profile

  • SSH Server

    The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between two systems, as well as server authentication, throu...
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  • Verify Group Who Owns SSH Server config file

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be group-owned by ssh_keys group.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Owner on SSH Server config file

    To properly set the owner of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server config file

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/sshd_config, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys - files that match the <code>/etc/ssh/*_key</code> glob, have to have restricted permissions. If those files are owned by the <code>root</code> user and the <code>root</code...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/*.pub, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ssh/*.pub
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Configure OpenSSH Server if Necessary

    If the system needs to act as an SSH server, then certain changes should be made to the OpenSSH daemon configuration file <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>. The following recommendations can be app...
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  • Set SSH Client Alive Count Max

    The SSH server sends at most <code>ClientAliveCountMax</code> messages during a SSH session and waits for a response from the SSH client. The option <code>ClientAliveInterval</code> configures time...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set SSH Client Alive Interval

    SSH allows administrators to set a network responsiveness timeout interval. After this interval has passed, the unresponsive client will be automatically logged out. <br> <br> To set this t...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable Host-Based Authentication

    SSH's cryptographic host-based authentication is more secure than <code>.rhosts</code> authentication. However, it is not recommended that hosts unilaterally trust one another, even within an organ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH Access via Empty Passwords

    Disallow SSH login with empty passwords. The default SSH configuration disables logins with empty passwords. The appropriate configuration is used if no value is set for <code>PermitEmptyPasswords<...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Disable GSSAPI Authentication

    Unless needed, SSH should not permit extraneous or unnecessary authentication mechanisms like GSSAPI. <br> The default SSH configuration disallows authentications based on GSSAPI. The appropriate c...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH Support for .rhosts Files

    SSH can emulate the behavior of the obsolete rsh command in allowing users to enable insecure access to their accounts via <code>.rhosts</code> files. <br> The default SSH configuration disables su...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH Root Login

    The root user should never be allowed to login to a system directly over a network. To disable root login via SSH, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/00-compliancea...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Do Not Allow SSH Environment Options

    Ensure that users are not able to override environment variables of the SSH daemon. <br> The default SSH configuration disables environment processing. The appropriate configuration is used if no v...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Enable PAM

    UsePAM Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. If set to “yes” this will enable PAM authentication using ChallengeResponseAuthentication and PasswordAuthentication in addition to PAM...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Enable SSH Warning Banner

    To enable the warning banner and ensure it is consistent across the system, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/00-complianceascode-hardening.conf</code>: <pre>Banne...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Limit Users' SSH Access

    By default, the SSH configuration allows any user with an account to access the system. There are several options available to limit which users and group can access the system via SSH. It is recom...
    Rule Unknown Severity
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  • Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is configured

    The <code>LoginGraceTime</code> parameter to the SSH server specifies the time allowed for successful authentication to the SSH server. The longer the Grace period is the more open unauthenticated ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set SSH Daemon LogLevel to VERBOSE

    The <code>VERBOSE</code> parameter configures the SSH daemon to record login and logout activity. To specify the log level in SSH, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config....
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set SSH authentication attempt limit

    The <code>MaxAuthTries</code> parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection. Once the number of failures reaches half this value, additional failures ar...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set SSH MaxSessions limit

    The <code>MaxSessions</code> parameter specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted from a given connection. To set MaxSessions edit <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> as follows: <pre>Ma...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configured

    The MaxStartups parameter specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the SSH daemon. Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the Login...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • X Window System

    The X Window System implementation included with the system is called X.org.
    Group
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  • Disable X Windows

    Unless there is a mission-critical reason for the system to run a graphical user interface, ensure X is not set to start automatically at boot and remove the X Windows software packages. There is u...
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  • Remove the X Windows Package Group

    By removing the xorg-x11-server-common package, the system no longer has X Windows installed. If X Windows is not installed then the system cannot boot into graphical user mode. This prevents the s...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable X Windows Startup By Setting Default Target

    Systems that do not require a graphical user interface should only boot by default into <code>multi-user.target</code> mode. This prevents accidental booting of the system into a <code>graphical.ta...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure that /etc/cron.allow exists

    The file /etc/cron.allow should exist and should be used instead of /etc/cron.deny.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Local Login Warning Banner Is Configured Properly

    To configure the system local login warning banner edit the <code>/etc/issue</code> file. The contents of this file is displayed to users prior to login to local terminals. Replace the default text...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Remote Login Warning Banner Is Configured Properly

    To configure the system remote login warning banner edit the <code>/etc/issue.net</code> file. The contents of this file is displayed to users prior to login from remote connections. Replace the de...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Message Of The Day Is Configured Properly

    To configure the system message of the day banner edit the <code>/etc/motd</code> file. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy. The message should not contain ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • User Initialization Files Must Be Group-Owned By The Primary Group

    Change the group owner of interactive users files to the group found in <pre>/etc/passwd</pre> for the user. To change the group owner of a local interactive user home directory, use the following ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • User Initialization Files Must Be Owned By the Primary User

    Set the owner of the user initialization files for interactive users to the primary owner with the following command: <pre>$ sudo chown <i>USER</i> /home/<i>USER</i>/.*</pre> This rule ensures eve...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Install systemd-journal-remote Package

    Journald (via systemd-journal-remote ) supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralised log management.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable Bluetooth Service

    The bluetooth service can be disabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl mask --now bluetooth.service
    $ sudo service bluetooth stop
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions and Ownership of Old Passwords File

    To properly set the owner of <code>/etc/security/opasswd</code>, run the command: <pre>$ sudo chown root /etc/security/opasswd </pre> To properly set the group owner of <code>/etc/security/opasswd...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Group Who Owns /etc/shells File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/shells, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/shells
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Who Owns /etc/shells File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shells, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shells
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions on /etc/shells File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/shells, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/shells
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Use Only Strong Key Exchange algorithms

    Limit the Key Exchange to strong algorithms. The following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> demonstrates use of those: <pre>KexAlgorithms <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Use Only Strong MACs

    Limit the MACs to strong hash algorithms. The following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> demonstrates use of those MACs: <pre>MACs <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure the audit-libs package as a part of audit Subsystem is Installed

    The audit-libs package should be installed.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Record Events that Modify the System's Network Environment

    If the <code>auditd</code> daemon is configured to use the <code>augenrules</code> program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix <cod...
    Rule Medium Severity
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The content of the drawer really is up to you. It could have form fields, definition lists, text lists, labels, charts, progress bars, etc. Spacing recommendation is 24px margins. You can put tabs in here, and can also make the drawer scrollable.

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