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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 10

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Rlogin, Rsh, and Rexec

    The Berkeley r-commands are legacy services which allow cleartext remote access and have an insecure trust model.
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  • Remove Rsh Trust Files

    The files <code>/etc/hosts.equiv</code> and <code>~/.rhosts</code> (in each user's home directory) list remote hosts and users that are trusted by the local system when using the rshd daemon. To re...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Chat/Messaging Services

    The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session.
    Group
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  • Telnet

    The telnet protocol does not provide confidentiality or integrity for information transmitted on the network. This includes authentication information such as passwords. Organizations which use tel...
    Group
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  • TFTP Server

    TFTP is a lightweight version of the FTP protocol which has traditionally been used to configure networking equipment. However, TFTP provides little security, and modern versions of networking oper...
    Group
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  • TFTP server secure directory

    Specify the directory which is used by TFTP server as a root directory when running in secure mode.
    Value
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  • Print Support

    The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) service provides both local and network printing support. A system running the CUPS service can accept print jobs from other systems, process them, and send t...
    Group
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  • Configure the CUPS Service if Necessary

    CUPS provides the ability to easily share local printers with other systems over the network. It does this by allowing systems to share lists of available printers. Additionally, each system that r...
    Group
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  • Proxy Server

    A proxy server is a very desirable target for a potential adversary because much (or all) sensitive data for a given infrastructure may flow through it. Therefore, if one is required, the system ac...
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  • Disable Squid if Possible

    If Squid was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a proxy server, then it should be disabled and removed.
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  • Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

    Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol, operating on port 1812 that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA or Triple A) manage...
    Group
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  • Hardware RNG Entropy Gatherer Daemon

    The rngd feeds random data from hardware device to kernel random device.
    Group
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  • Network Routing

    A router is a very desirable target for a potential adversary because they fulfill a variety of infrastructure networking roles such as access to network segments, gateways to other networks, filt...
    Group
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  • Disable Quagga if Possible

    If Quagga was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a router, then it should be disabled and removed.
    Group
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  • Samba(SMB) Microsoft Windows File Sharing Server

    When properly configured, the Samba service allows Linux systems to provide file and print sharing to Microsoft Windows systems. There are two software packages that provide Samba support. The firs...
    Group
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  • Configure Samba if Necessary

    All settings for the Samba daemon can be found in <code>/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>. Settings are divided between a <code>[global]</code> configuration section and a series of user created share def...
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  • Restrict Printer Sharing

    By default, Samba utilizes the CUPS printing service to enable printer sharing with Microsoft Windows workstations. If there are no printers on the local system, or if printer sharing with Microsof...
    Group
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  • Restrict SMB File Sharing to Configured Networks

    Only users with local user accounts will be able to log in to Samba shares by default. Shares can be limited to particular users or network addresses. Use the <code>hosts allow</code> and <code>hos...
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  • Disable Samba if Possible

    Even after the Samba server package has been installed, it will remain disabled. Do not enable this service unless it is absolutely necessary to provide Microsoft Windows file and print sharing fun...
    Group
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  • SNMP Server

    The Simple Network Management Protocol allows administrators to monitor the state of network devices, including computers. Older versions of SNMP were well-known for weak security, such as plaintex...
    Group
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  • Disable SNMP Server if Possible

    The system includes an SNMP daemon that allows for its remote monitoring, though it not installed by default. If it was installed and activated but is not needed, the software should be disabled an...
    Group
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  • Uninstall net-snmp Package

    The snmp package provides the snmpd service. The snmp package can be removed with the following command: 
    $ apt-get remove snmp
    Rule Unknown Severity
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  • Disable snmpd Service

    The snmpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl mask --now snmpd.service
    Rule Low Severity
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  • Configure SNMP Server if Necessary

    If it is necessary to run the snmpd agent on the system, some best practices should be followed to minimize the security risk from the installation. The multiple security models implemented by SNMP...
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  • SNMP read-only community string

    Specify the SNMP community string used for read-only access.
    Value
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  • SNMP read-write community string

    Specify the SNMP community string used for read-write access.
    Value
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  • Ensure Default SNMP Password Is Not Used

    Edit <code>/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf</code>, remove or change the default community strings of <code>public</code> and <code>private</code>. This profile configures new read-only community string to <co...
    Rule High Severity
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  • SSH Server

    The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between two systems, as well as server authentication, throu...
    Group
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  • SSH enabled firewalld zone

    Specify firewalld zone to enable SSH service. This value is used only for remediation purposes.
    Value
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  • SSH Approved ciphers by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved ciphers that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
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  • SSH Approved MACs by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved MACs (message authentication code) algorithms that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
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  • SSH session Idle time

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
    Value
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  • SSH Server Listening Port

    Specify port the SSH server is listening.
    Value
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  • SSH Max authentication attempts

    Specify the maximum number of authentication attempts per connection.
    Value
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  • SSH is required to be installed

    Specify if the Policy requires SSH to be installed. Used by SSH Rules to determine if SSH should be uninstalled or configured.<br> A value of 0 means that the policy doesn't care if OpenSSH server ...
    Value
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  • SSH Strong KEX by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved KEXs (Key Exchange Algorithms) algorithms that are used for methods in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties
    Value
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  • SSH Max Sessions Count

    Specify the maximum number of open sessions permitted.
    Value
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  • SSH Max Keep Alive Count

    Specify the maximum number of idle message counts before session is terminated.
    Value
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  • Install the OpenSSH Server Package

    The openssh-server package should be installed. The openssh-server package can be installed with the following command: 
    $ apt-get install openssh-server
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Remove the OpenSSH Server Package

    The openssh-server package should be removed. The openssh-server package can be removed with the following command: 
    $ apt-get remove openssh-server
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable SSH Server If Possible

    The SSH server service, sshd, is commonly needed. However, if it can be disabled, do so. This is unusual, as SSH is a common method for encrypted and authenticated remote access.
    Rule High Severity
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  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys - files that match the <code>/etc/ssh/*_key</code> glob, have to have restricted permissions. If those files are owned by the <code>root</code> user and the <code>root</code...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify Permissions on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/*.pub, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ssh/*.pub
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Remove SSH Server iptables Firewall exception (Unusual)

    By default, inbound connections to SSH's port are allowed. If the SSH server is not being used, this exception should be removed from the firewall configuration. <br><br> Edit the files <code>/etc/...
    Rule Unknown Severity
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  • Configure OpenSSH Client if Necessary

    The following configuration changes apply to the SSH client. They can improve security parameters relwevant to the client user, e.g. increasing entropy while generating initialization vectors. Note...
    Group
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  • Configure OpenSSH Server if Necessary

    If the system needs to act as an SSH server, then certain changes should be made to the OpenSSH daemon configuration file <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>. The following recommendations can be app...
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