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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 10

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Enable rsyslog to Accept Messages via UDP, if Acting As Log Server

    The <code>rsyslog</code> daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. If the system needs to act as a central log server, add the following lines to <code>/etc/r...
    Rule Unknown Severity
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  • Rsyslog Logs Sent To Remote Host

    If system logs are to be useful in detecting malicious activities, it is necessary to send logs to a remote server. An intruder who has compromised the root account on a system may delete the log e...
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  • Remote Log Server

    Specify an URI or IP address of a remote host where the log messages will be sent and stored.
    Value
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  • Ensure Logs Sent To Remote Host

    To configure rsyslog to send logs to a remote log server, open <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> and read and understand the last section of the file, which describes the multiple directives necessary...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Network Configuration and Firewalls

    Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions about networking wh...
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  • firewalld

    The dynamic firewall daemon <code>firewalld</code> provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network “zones” to assign a level of trust to a network and its associated connections an...
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  • Inspect and Activate Default firewalld Rules

    Firewalls can be used to separate networks into different zones based on the level of trust the user has decided to place on the devices and traffic within that network. <code>NetworkManager</code>...
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  • Strengthen the Default Ruleset

    The default rules can be strengthened. The system scripts that activate the firewall rules expect them to be defined in configuration files under the <code>/etc/firewalld/services</code> and <code>...
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  • IPSec Support

    Support for Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is provided with Libreswan.
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  • iptables and ip6tables

    A host-based firewall called <code>netfilter</code> is included as part of the Linux kernel distributed with the system. It is activated by default. This firewall is controlled by the program <code...
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  • Inspect and Activate Default Rules

    View the currently-enforced <code>iptables</code> rules by running the command: <pre>$ sudo iptables -nL --line-numbers</pre> The command is analogous for <code>ip6tables</code>. <br><br> If the fi...
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  • Verify ip6tables Enabled if Using IPv6

    The ip6tables service can be enabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl enable ip6tables.service
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify iptables Enabled

    The iptables service can be enabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl enable iptables.service
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Default ip6tables Policy for Incoming Packets

    To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables</code>: <pre...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Strengthen the Default Ruleset

    The default rules can be strengthened. The system scripts that activate the firewall rules expect them to be defined in the configuration files <code>iptables</code> and <code>ip6tables</code> in t...
    Group
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  • Set Default iptables Policy for Incoming Packets

    To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/sysconfig/iptables</code>: <pre>...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr

    Accept default router in router advertisements?
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  • Set Default iptables Policy for Forwarded Packets

    To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in FORWARD chain which processes packets that will be forwarded from one interface to another, add or correct the following line ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Restrict ICMP Message Types

    In <code>/etc/sysconfig/iptables</code>, the accepted ICMP messages types can be restricted. To accept only ICMP echo reply, destination unreachable, and time exceeded messages, remove the line:<br...
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  • Log and Drop Packets with Suspicious Source Addresses

    Packets with non-routable source addresses should be rejected, as they may indicate spoofing. Because the modified policy will reject non-matching packets, you only need to add these rules if you a...
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