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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 10

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • GNOME Remote Access Settings

    GNOME remote access settings that apply to the graphical interface.
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  • Configure GNOME Screen Locking

    In the default GNOME3 desktop, the screen can be locked by selecting the user name in the far right corner of the main panel and selecting <b>Lock</b>. <br><br> The following sections detail comman...
    Group
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  • Screensaver Inactivity timeout

    Choose allowed duration (in seconds) of inactive graphical sessions
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  • Screensaver Lock Delay

    Choose allowed duration (in seconds) after a screensaver becomes active before displaying an authentication prompt
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  • GNOME System Settings

    GNOME provides configuration and functionality to a graphical desktop environment that changes grahical configurations or allow a user to perform actions that users normally would not be able to do...
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  • SAP Specific Requirement

    SAP (Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing) is enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. The following section contains SAP specific requirement that...
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  • Sudo

    <code>Sudo</code>, which stands for "su 'do'", provides the ability to delegate authority to certain users, groups of users, or system administrators. When configured for system users and/or groups...
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  • Group name dedicated to the use of sudo

    Specify the name of the group that should own /usr/bin/sudo.
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  • Sudo - logfile value

    Specify the sudo logfile to use. The default value used here matches the example location from CIS, which uses /var/log/sudo.log.
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  • Sudo - passwd_timeout value

    Defines the number of minutes before the sudo password prompt times out. Defining 0 means no timeout. The default timeout value is 5 minutes.
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  • Sudo - timestamp_timeout value

    Defines the number of minutes that can elapse before <code>sudo</code> will ask for a passwd again. If set to a value less than 0 the user's time stamp will never expire. Defining 0 means always pr...
    Value
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  • Sudo - umask value

    Specify the sudo umask to use. The actual umask value that is used is the union of the user's umask and the sudo umask. The default sudo umask is 0022. This guarantess sudo never lowers the umask w...
    Value
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  • Ensure Privileged Escalated Commands Cannot Execute Other Commands - sudo NOEXEC

    The sudo <code>NOEXEC</code> tag, when specified, prevents user executed commands from executing other commands, like a shell for example. This should be enabled by making sure that the <code>NOEXE...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Ensure Only Users Logged In To Real tty Can Execute Sudo - sudo requiretty

    The sudo <code>requiretty</code> tag, when specified, will only execute sudo commands from users logged in to a real tty. This should be enabled by making sure that the <code>requiretty</code> tag ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Only Users Logged In To Real tty Can Execute Sudo - sudo use_pty

    The sudo <code>use_pty</code> tag, when specified, will only execute sudo commands from users logged in to a real tty. This should be enabled by making sure that the <code>use_pty</code> tag exists...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Sudo Logfile Exists - sudo logfile

    A custom log sudo file can be configured with the 'logfile' tag. This rule configures a sudo custom logfile at the default location suggested by CIS, which uses /var/log/sudo.log.
    Rule Low Severity
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  • Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo !authenticate

    The sudo <code>!authenticate</code> option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the <code>!authe...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo NOPASSWD

    The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the <code>NOPASSWD</code...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo

    The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> and <code>!authenticate</code> option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Remote Login Banner Verbiage

    Enter an appropriate login banner for your organization. Please note that new lines must be expressed by the '\n' character and special characters like parentheses and quotation marks must be escap...
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  • Only the VDSM User Can Use sudo NOPASSWD

    The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. Only the <code>vdsm</code> user should have this capability in any s...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Explicit arguments in sudo specifications

    All commands in the sudoers file must strictly specify the arguments allowed to be used for a given user. If the command is supposed to be executed only without arguments, pass "" as an argument in...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Don't define allowed commands in sudoers by means of exclusion

    Policies applied by sudo through the sudoers file should not involve negation. Each user specification in the <code>sudoers</code> file contains a comma-delimited list of command specifications. T...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Don't target root user in the sudoers file

    The targeted users of a user specification should be, as much as possible, non privileged users (i.e.: non-root). User specifications have to explicitly list the runas spec (i.e. the list of targe...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • System Tooling / Utilities

    The following checks evaluate the system for recommended base packages -- both for installation and removal.
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  • Ensure gnutls-utils is installed

    The gnutls-utils package can be installed with the following command: 
    $ apt-get install gnutls-utils
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure nss-tools is installed

    The nss-tools package can be installed with the following command: 
    $ apt-get install nss-tools
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Updating Software

    The <code>apt_get</code> command line tool is used to install and update software packages. The system also provides a graphical software update tool in the <b>System</b> menu, in the <b>Administra...
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  • Account and Access Control

    In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action or access any file to which that account has access. Therefore, making it mor...
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  • Authselect profile

    Specify the authselect profile to select
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  • Warning Banners for System Accesses

    Each system should expose as little information about itself as possible. <br><br> System banners, which are typically displayed just before a login prompt, give out information about the service o...
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  • Login timeout for idle sessions

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
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  • Implement a GUI Warning Banner

    In the default graphical environment, users logging directly into the system are greeted with a login screen provided by the GNOME Display Manager (GDM). The warning banner should be displayed in t...
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  • Protect Accounts by Configuring PAM

    PAM, or Pluggable Authentication Modules, is a system which implements modular authentication for Linux programs. PAM provides a flexible and configurable architecture for authentication, and it sh...
    Group
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  • Password Hashing algorithm

    Specify the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords. Defines the value set as ENCRYPT_METHOD in /etc/login.defs.
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  • remember

    The last n passwords for each user are saved in <code>/etc/security/opasswd</code> in order to force password change history and keep the user from alternating between the same password too frequen...
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  • Disallow Configuration to Bypass Password Requirements for Privilege Escalation

    Verify the operating system is not configured to bypass password requirements for privilege escalation. Check the configuration of the "/etc/pam.d/sudo" file with the following command: <pre>$ sudo...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Lockouts for Failed Password Attempts

    The <code>pam_faillock</code> PAM module provides the capability to lock out user accounts after a number of failed login attempts. Its documentation is available in <code>/usr/share/doc/pam-VERSIO...
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  • fail_deny

    Number of failed login attempts before account lockout
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  • faillock directory

    The directory where the user files with the failure records are kept
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  • fail_interval

    Interval for counting failed login attempts before account lockout
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  • fail_unlock_time

    Seconds before automatic unlocking or permanently locking after excessive failed logins
    Value
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  • tally2_unlock_time

    Seconds before automatic unlocking or permanently locking after excessive failed logins
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  • faildelay_delay

    Delay next login attempt after a failed login
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  • pwhistory_remember

    Prevent password re-use using password history lookup
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  • PAM pwhistory remember - control flag

    'Specify the control flag required for password remember requirement. If multiple values are allowed write them separated by commas as in "required,requisite", for remediations the first value will...
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  • tally2

    Number of failed login attempts
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  • Account Lockouts Must Be Logged

    PAM faillock locks an account due to excessive password failures, this event must be logged.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Account Lockouts Must Persist

    By setting a `dir` in the faillock configuration account lockouts will persist across reboots.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Account Lockouts Must Be Logged

    PAM faillock locks an account due to excessive password failures, this event must be logged.
    Rule Medium Severity
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