Skip to content
Log In

Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 10

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Protect DNS Data from Tampering or Attack

    This section discusses DNS configuration options which make it more difficult for attackers to gain access to private DNS data or to modify DNS data.
    Group
    Show

  • Use Views to Partition External and Internal Information

    If it is not possible to run external and internal nameservers on separate physical systems, run BIND9 and simulate this feature using views. Edit <code>/etc/named.conf</code>. Add or correct the f...
    Group
    Show

  • Run Separate DNS Servers for External and Internal Queries

    Is it possible to run external and internal nameservers on separate systems? If so, follow the configuration guidance in this section. On the external nameserver, edit <code>/etc/named.conf</code> ...
    Group
    Show

  • Docker Service

    The docker service is necessary to create containers, which are self-sufficient and self-contained applications using the resource isolation features of the kernel.
    Group
    Show

  • Application Whitelisting Daemon

    Fapolicyd (File Access Policy Daemon) implements application whitelisting to decide file access rights. Applications that are known via a reputation source are allowed access while unknown applicat...
    Group
    Show

  • fapolicyd Must be Configured to Limit Access to Users Home Folders

    fapolicyd needs be configured so that users cannot give access to their home folders to other users.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • FTP Server

    FTP is a common method for allowing remote access to files. Like telnet, the FTP protocol is unencrypted, which means that passwords and other data transmitted during the session can be captured an...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable vsftpd if Possible

    To minimize attack surface, disable vsftpd if at all possible.
    Group
    Show

  • Configure vsftpd to Provide FTP Service if Necessary

    The primary vsftpd configuration file is /etc/vsftpd.conf, if that file exists, or /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf if it does not.
    Group
    Show

  • Configure Firewalls to Protect the FTP Server

    By default, <code>iptables</code> blocks access to the ports used by the web server. To configure <code>iptables</code> to allow port 21 traffic, one must edit <code>/etc/sysconfig/iptables</code...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Restrict the Set of Users Allowed to Access FTP

    This section describes how to disable non-anonymous (password-based) FTP logins, or, if it is not possible to do this entirely due to legacy applications, how to restrict insecure FTP login to only...
    Group
    Show

  • Limit Users Allowed FTP Access if Necessary

    If there is a mission-critical reason for users to access their accounts via the insecure FTP protocol, limit the set of users who are allowed this access. Edit the vsftpd configuration file. Add o...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Use vsftpd to Provide FTP Service if Necessary

    If your use-case requires FTP service, install and set-up vsftpd to provide it.
    Group
    Show

  • Web Server

    The web server is responsible for providing access to content via the HTTP protocol. Web servers represent a significant security risk because: <br><br> <ul> <li>The HTTP port is commonly probed by...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Apache if Possible

    If Apache was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be disabled and removed from the system.
    Group
    Show

  • Disable NGINX if Possible

    If NGINX was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be removed from the system.
    Group
    Show

  • Install Apache if Necessary

    If <code>httpd</code> was not installed and activated, but the system needs to act as a web server, then it should be installed on the system. Follow these guidelines to install it defensively. The...
    Group
    Show

  • Confirm Minimal Built-in Modules Installed

    The default <code>httpd</code> installation minimizes the number of modules that are compiled directly into the binary (<code>core prefork http_core mod_so</code>). This minimizes risk by limiting ...
    Group
    Show

  • Secure Apache Configuration

    The httpd configuration file is /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. Apply the recommendations in the remainder of this section to this file.
    Group
    Show

  • HTTPD Log Level

    The setting for LogLevel in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    Value
    Show

  • Maximum KeepAlive Requests for HTTPD

    The setting for MaxKeepAliveRequests in httpd.conf
    Value
    Show

  • Configure Operating System to Protect Web Server

    The following configuration steps should be taken on the system which hosts the web server, in order to provide as safe an environment as possible for the web server.
    Group
    Show

  • Run httpd in a chroot Jail if Practical

    Running <code>httpd</code> inside a <code>chroot</code> jail is designed to isolate the web server process to a small section of the filesystem, limiting the damage if it is compromised. Versions o...
    Group
    Show

  • Restrict File and Directory Access

    Minimize access to critical httpd files and directories.
    Group
    Show

  • Configure PERL Securely

    PERL (Practical Extraction and Report Language) is an interpreted language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on t...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure PHP Securely

    PHP is a widely-used and often misconfigured server-side scripting language. It should be used with caution, but configured appropriately when needed. <br><br> Review <code>/etc/php.ini</code> and ...
    Group
    Show

  • Directory Restrictions

    The Directory tags in the web server configuration file allow finer grained access control for a specified directory. All web directories should be configured on a case-by-case basis, allowing acce...
    Group
    Show

  • Minimize Web Server Loadable Modules

    A default installation of <code>httpd</code> includes a plethora of dynamically shared objects (DSO) that are loaded at run-time. Unlike the aforementioned compiled-in modules, a DSO can be disable...
    Group
    Show

  • httpd Core Modules

    These modules comprise a basic subset of modules that are likely needed for base <code>httpd</code> functionality; ensure they are not commented out in <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>: <pre...
    Group
    Show

  • Minimize Modules for HTTP Basic Authentication

    The following modules are necessary if this web server will provide content that will be restricted by a password. <br><br> Authentication can be performed using local plain text password files (<c...
    Group
    Show

  • Minimize Configuration Files Included

    The <code>Include</code> directive directs <code>httpd</code> to load supplementary configuration files from a provided path. The default configuration loads all files that end in <code>.conf</code...
    Group
    Show

  • Minimize Various Optional Components

    The following modules perform very specific tasks, sometimes providing access to just a few additional directives. If such functionality is not required (or if you are not using these directives), ...
    Group
    Show

  • Use Appropriate Modules to Improve httpd's Security

    Among the modules available for <code>httpd</code> are several whose use may improve the security of the web server installation. This section recommends and discusses the deployment of security-re...
    Group
    Show

  • Deploy mod_security

    The <code>security</code> module provides an application level firewall for <code>httpd</code>. Following its installation with the base ruleset, specific configuration advice can be found at ...
    Group
    Show

  • Deploy mod_ssl

    Because HTTP is a plain text protocol, all traffic is susceptible to passive monitoring. If there is a need for confidentiality, SSL should be configured and enabled to encrypt content. <br><br> No...
    Group
    Show

  • Restrict Web Server Information Leakage

    The ServerTokens and ServerSignature directives determine how much information the web server discloses about the configuration of the system.
    Group
    Show

  • Configure HTTPD-Served Web Content Securely

    Running <code>httpd</code> inside a <code>chroot</code> jail is designed to isolate the web server process to a small section of the filesystem, limiting the damage if it is compromised. Versions o...
    Group
    Show

  • Web Login Banner Verbiage

    Enter an appropriate login banner for your organization. Please note that new lines must be expressed by the '\n' character and special characters like parentheses and quotation marks must be escap...
    Value
    Show

  • Use Denial-of-Service Protection Modules

    Denial-of-service attacks are difficult to detect and prevent while maintaining acceptable access to authorized users. However, some traffic-shaping modules can be used to address the problem. Well...
    Group
    Show

  • IMAP and POP3 Server

    Dovecot provides IMAP and POP3 services. It is not installed by default. The project page at <a href="http://www.dovecot.org">http://www.dovecot.org</a> contains more detailed information abou...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure Dovecot if Necessary

    If the system will operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the dovecot software should be configured securely by following the recommendations below.
    Group
    Show

  • Allow IMAP Clients to Access the Server

    The default iptables configuration does not allow inbound access to any services. This modification will allow remote hosts to initiate connections to the IMAP daemon, while keeping all other port...
    Group
    Show

  • Enable SSL Support

    SSL should be used to encrypt network traffic between the Dovecot server and its clients. Users must authenticate to the Dovecot server in order to read their mail, and passwords should never be ...
    Group
    Show

  • Support Only the Necessary Protocols

    Dovecot supports the IMAP and POP3 protocols, as well as SSL-protected versions of those protocols. Configure the Dovecot server to support only the protocols needed by your site. Edit <code>/etc...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Cyrus IMAP

    If the system does not need to operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the Cyrus IMAP software should be removed.
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Dovecot

    If the system does not need to operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the dovecot software should be disabled and removed.
    Group
    Show

  • Kerberos

    The Kerberos protocol is used for authentication across non-secure network. Authentication can happen between various types of principals -- users, service, or hosts. Their identity and encryption ...
    Group
    Show

  • LDAP

    LDAP is a popular directory service, that is, a standardized way of looking up information from a central database. Debian 10 includes software that enables a system to act as both an LDAP client a...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure OpenLDAP Clients

    This section provides information on which security settings are important to configure in OpenLDAP clients by manually editing the appropriate configuration files. Debian 10 provides an automated...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure OpenLDAP Server

    This section details some security-relevant settings for an OpenLDAP server.
    Group
    Show

Node 2

siemur/test-space

The content of the drawer really is up to you. It could have form fields, definition lists, text lists, labels, charts, progress bars, etc. Spacing recommendation is 24px margins. You can put tabs in here, and can also make the drawer scrollable.

Capacity
Modules