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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 10

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Transport Layer Security Support

    Support for Transport Layer Security (TLS), and its predecessor, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), is included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux in the Ope...
    Group
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  • File Permissions and Masks

    Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which t...
    Group
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  • Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories

    Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses impo...
    Group
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  • Verify Group Who Owns /var/log Directory

    To properly set the group owner of /var/log, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /var/log
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns shadow File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/shadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns Backup group File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/group-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/group-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that local System.map file (if exists) is readable only by root

    Files containing sensitive informations should be protected by restrictive permissions. Most of the time, there is no need that these files need ...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on Hardlinks

    To set the runtime status of the <code>fs.protected_hardlinks</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protecte...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on Symlinks

    To set the runtime status of the <code>fs.protected_symlinks</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Files with Local Account Information and Credentials

    The default restrictive permissions for files which act as important security databases such as <code>passwd</code>, <code>shadow</code>, <code>gro...
    Group
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  • Verify Group Who Owns Backup group File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/group-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/group-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns Backup gshadow File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/gshadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns Backup passwd File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns Backup shadow File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/shadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns group File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/group
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns passwd File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on shadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns Backup gshadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns Backup passwd File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/passwd-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns Backup shadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns group File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/group
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns gshadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns passwd File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns shadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup group File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/group-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup gshadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/gshadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup passwd File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup shadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on gshadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on passwd File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Files within /var/log Directory

    The /var/log directory contains files with logs of error messages in the system and should only be accessed by authorized personnel.
    Group
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  • Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/messages File

    To properly set the group owner of /var/log/messages, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /var/log/messages
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns /var/log/syslog File

    To properly set the group owner of /var/log/syslog, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp adm /var/log/syslog
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns /var/log Directory

    To properly set the owner of /var/log, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /var/log
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns /var/log/messages File

    To properly set the owner of /var/log/messages, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /var/log/messages
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns /var/log/syslog File

    To properly set the owner of /var/log/syslog, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown syslog /var/log/syslog
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on /var/log Directory

    To properly set the permissions of /var/log, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0755 /var/log
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on /var/log/messages File

    To properly set the permissions of /var/log/messages, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /var/log/messages
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on /var/log/syslog File

    To properly set the permissions of /var/log/syslog, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /var/log/syslog
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify File Permissions Within Some Important Directories

    Some directories contain files whose confidentiality or integrity is notably important and may also be susceptible to misconfiguration over time, p...
    Group
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  • Verify that System Executable Have Root Ownership

    <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin</pre> All these directories should be owned by the <code>root</code> user. If any...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that Shared Library Directories Have Root Ownership

    System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Verify that System Executable Directories Have Restrictive Permissions

    System executables are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin</pre> Thes...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that Shared Library Directories Have Restrictive Permissions

    System-wide shared library directories, which contain are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following d...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that System Executables Have Root Ownership

    System executables are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/libexec /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sb...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that Shared Library Files Have Root Ownership

    System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that System Executables Have Restrictive Permissions

    System executables are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/libexec /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sb...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that Shared Library Files Have Restrictive Permissions

    System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Restrict Dynamic Mounting and Unmounting of Filesystems

    Linux includes a number of facilities for the automated addition and removal of filesystems on a running system. These facilities may be necessary...
    Group
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