Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Disable x86 vsyscall emulation
Disabling it is roughly equivalent to booting with vsyscall=none, except that it will also disable the helpful warning if a program tries to use a ...Rule Low Severity -
Kernel GCC plugin configuration
Contains rules that check the configuration of GCC plugins used by the compilerGroup -
Generate some entropy during boot and runtime
Instrument some kernel code to extract some entropy from both original and artificially created program state. This will help especially embedded s...Rule Medium Severity -
Randomize layout of sensitive kernel structures
Randomize at compile-time the layouts of structures that are entirely function pointers (and have not been manually annotated with __no_randomize_l...Rule Medium Severity -
Poison kernel stack before returning from syscalls
This option makes the kernel erase the kernel stack before returning from system calls. This has the effect of leaving the stack initialized to the...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure syslog-ng is Installed
syslog-ng can be installed in replacement of rsyslog. The <code>syslog-ng-core</code> package can be installed with the following command: <pre> $ ...Rule Medium Severity -
Force initialization of variables containing userspace addresses
While the kernel is built with warnings enabled for any missed stack variable initializations, this warning is silenced for anything passed by refe...Rule Medium Severity -
zero-init everything passed by reference
Zero-initialize any stack variables that may be passed by reference and had not already been explicitly initialized. This configuration is availabl...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure Syslog
The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lac...Group -
Ensure rsyslog-gnutls is installed
TLS protocol support for rsyslog is installed. The <code>rsyslog-gnutls</code> package can be installed with the following command: <pre> $ sudo d...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure rsyslog is Installed
Rsyslog is installed by default. Thersyslogpackage can be installed with the following command:$ sudo dnf install rsyslog
Rule Medium Severity -
Enable rsyslog Service
The <code>rsyslog</code> service provides syslog-style logging by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. The <code>rsyslog</code> service can be e...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure rsyslog Default File Permissions Configured
rsyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This settings controls what permissions will be applied to these newly create...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure Logwatch on the Central Log Server
Is this system the central log server? If so, edit the file/etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.confas shown below.Group -
Ensure Logrotate Runs Periodically
The <code>logrotate</code> utility allows for the automatic rotation of log files. The frequency of rotation is specified in <code>/etc/logrotate....Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Proper Configuration of Log Files
The file <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> controls where log message are written. These are controlled by lines called <i>rules</i>, which consist of...Group -
User who owns log files
Specify user owner of all logfiles specified in/etc/rsyslog.conf.Value -
Ensure cron Is Logging To Rsyslog
Cron logging must be implemented to spot intrusions or trace cron job status. If <code>cron</code> is not logging to <code>rsyslog</code>, it can b...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Rsyslog Authenticates Off-Loaded Audit Records
Rsyslogd is a system utility providing support for message logging. Support for both internet and UNIX domain sockets enables this utility to suppo...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Rsyslog Encrypts Off-Loaded Audit Records
Rsyslogd is a system utility providing support for message logging. Support for both internet and UNIX domain sockets enables this utility to suppo...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Rsyslog Encrypts Off-Loaded Audit Records
Rsyslogd is a system utility providing support for message logging. Support for both internet and UNIX domain sockets enables this utility to suppo...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User
The owner of all log files written by <code>rsyslog</code> should be <code>root</code>. These log files are determined by the second part of each...Rule Medium Severity -
Enable logrotate Timer
Thelogrotatetimer can be enabled with the following command:$ sudo systemctl enable logrotate.timer
Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions
The file permissions for all log files written by <code>rsyslog</code> should be set to 640, or more restrictive. These log files are determined by...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure logging is configured
The <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> and <code>/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf</code> files specifies rules for logging and which files are to be used to log c...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure remote access methods are monitored in Rsyslog
Logging of remote access methods must be implemented to help identify cyber attacks and ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies are b...Rule Medium Severity -
systemd-journald
systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging ...Group -
Enable systemd-journald Service
The <code>systemd-journald</code> service is an essential component of systemd. The <code>systemd-journald</code> service can be enabled with the ...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files
The journald system can compress large log files to avoid fill the system disk.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog
Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure journald is configured to write log files to persistent disk
The journald system may store log files in volatile memory or locally on disk. If the logs are only stored in volatile memory they will we lost upo...Rule Medium Severity -
Disable systemd-journal-remote Socket
Journald supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server. Clients should not receive data from other hosts....Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure All Logs are Rotated by logrotate
Edit the file <code>/etc/logrotate.d/syslog</code>. Find the first line, which should look like this (wrapped for clarity): <pre>/var/log/message...Group -
Ensure logrotate is Installed
logrotate is installed by default. The <code>logrotate</code> package can be installed with the following command: <pre> $ sudo dnf install logrota...Rule Medium Severity -
Enable syslog-ng Service
The <code>syslog-ng</code> service (in replacement of rsyslog) provides syslog-style logging by default on Debian. The <code>syslog-ng</code> serv...Rule Medium Severity -
Enable rsyslog to Accept Messages via TCP, if Acting As Log Server
The <code>rsyslog</code> daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. If the system needs to act as a central l...Rule Unknown Severity -
Enable rsyslog to Accept Messages via UDP, if Acting As Log Server
The <code>rsyslog</code> daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. If the system needs to act as a central l...Rule Unknown Severity -
Ensure rsyslog Does Not Accept Remote Messages Unless Acting As Log Server
The <code>rsyslog</code> daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. To ensure that it is not listening on the...Rule Medium Severity -
Rsyslog Logs Sent To Remote Host
If system logs are to be useful in detecting malicious activities, it is necessary to send logs to a remote server. An intruder who has compromised...Group -
Remote Log Server
Specify an URI or IP address of a remote host where the log messages will be sent and stored.Value -
Ensure Logs Sent To Remote Host
To configure rsyslog to send logs to a remote log server, open <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> and read and understand the last section of the file,...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure TLS for rsyslog remote logging
Configure <code>rsyslog</code> to use Transport Layer Security (TLS) support for logging to remote server for the Forwarding Output Module in <code...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure CA certificate for rsyslog remote logging
Configure CA certificate for <code>rsyslog</code> logging to remote server using Transport Layer Security (TLS) using correct path for the <code>De...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Any Configured IPSec Tunnel Connections
Libreswan provides an implementation of IPsec and IKE, which permits the creation of secure tunnels over untrusted networks. As such, IPsec can be ...Rule Medium Severity -
Network Configuration and Firewalls
Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses th...Group -
Configure Multiple DNS Servers in /etc/resolv.conf
Determine whether the system is using local or DNS name resolution with the following command: <pre>$ sudo grep hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf hosts: fi...Rule Medium Severity -
Prevent non-Privileged Users from Modifying Network Interfaces using nmcli
By default, non-privileged users are given permissions to modify networking interfaces and configurations using the <code>nmcli</code> command. Non...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure System is Not Acting as a Network Sniffer
The system should not be acting as a network sniffer, which can capture all traffic on the network to which it is connected. Run the following to d...Rule Medium Severity -
firewalld
The dynamic firewall daemon <code>firewalld</code> provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network “zones” to assign a level of tr...Group -
Configure Firewalld to Use the Nftables Backend
Firewalld can be configured with many backends, such as nftables.Rule Medium Severity
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