Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Network Time Protocol
The Network Time Protocol is used to manage the system clock over a network. Computer clocks are not very accurate, so time will drift unpredictabl...Group -
Set the UEFI Boot Loader Password
The grub2 boot loader should have a superuser account and password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. <br> <br> Since plaint...Rule High Severity -
Ensure Solid State Drives Do Not Contribute To Random-Number Entropy Pool
For each solid-state drive on the system, run:# echo 0 > /sys/block/DRIVE/queue/add_random
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify that System Executable Have Root Ownership
<pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin</pre> All these directories should be owned by the <code>root</code> user. If any...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /home
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/home</code>. Add the <code>noexec</code> opt...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /home
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/home</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions shoul...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /opt
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/opt</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions should...Rule Medium Severity -
The Chrony package is installed
System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or se...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /srv
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/srv</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions should...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /tmp
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/tmp</code>. Add the <code>noexec</code> opti...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /tmp
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/tmp</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions should...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /var/log
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/var/log</code>. Add the <code>noexec</code> ...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /var/log
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/var/log</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions sh...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /var
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/var</code>. Add the <code>noexec</code> opti...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /var
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/var</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions should...Rule Medium Severity -
Add noexec Option to /var/tmp
The <code>noexec</code> mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of <code>/var/tmp</code>. Add the <code>noexec</code> ...Rule Medium Severity -
Add nosuid Option to /var/tmp
The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/var/tmp</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions sh...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Access to Kernel Message Buffer
To set the runtime status of the <code>kernel.dmesg_restrict</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.dmesg...Rule Low Severity -
Ensure /boot Located On Separate Partition
It is recommended that the <code>/boot</code> directory resides on a separate partition. This makes it easier to apply restrictions e.g. through th...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure /opt Located On Separate Partition
It is recommended that the/optdirectory resides on a separate partition.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure /usr Located On Separate Partition
It is recommended that the/usrdirectory resides on a separate partition.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure /var/tmp Located On Separate Partition
The <code>/var/tmp</code> directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary file storage. Ensure it has its own partition or logical volum...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure tmp.mount Unit Us Enabled
The <code>/tmp</code> directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary file storage. This directory is managed by <code>systemd-tmpfiles<...Rule Low Severity -
GNOME Desktop Environment
GNOME is a graphical desktop environment bundled with many Linux distributions that allow users to easily interact with the operating system graphi...Group -
Ensure sudo Ignores Commands In Current Dir - sudo ignore_dot
The sudo <code>ignore_dot</code> tag, when specified, will ignore the current directory in the PATH environment variable. This should be enabled by...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure Software Patches Installed
If the system has an apt repository available, run the following command to install updates: <pre>$ apt update && apt full-upgrade</pre> ...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Permissions On /etc/ipsec.d Directory
To properly set the permissions of/etc/ipsec.d, run the command:$ sudo chmod 0700 /etc/ipsec.d
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Group Who Owns /etc/ipsec.conf File
To properly set the group owner of/etc/ipsec.conf, run the command:$ sudo chgrp root /etc/ipsec.conf
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Group Who Owns /etc/ipsec.secrets File
To properly set the group owner of/etc/ipsec.secrets, run the command:$ sudo chgrp root /etc/ipsec.secrets
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify User Who Owns /etc/ipsec.conf File
To properly set the owner of/etc/ipsec.conf, run the command:$ sudo chown root /etc/ipsec.conf
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify User Who Owns /etc/ipsec.secrets File
To properly set the owner of/etc/ipsec.secrets, run the command:$ sudo chown root /etc/ipsec.secrets
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Permissions On /etc/ipsec.conf File
To properly set the permissions of/etc/ipsec.conf, run the command:$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ipsec.conf
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Permissions On /etc/ipsec.secrets File
To properly set the permissions of/etc/ipsec.secrets, run the command:$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ipsec.secrets
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Group Who Owns /etc/iptables Directory
To properly set the group owner of/etc/iptables, run the command:$ sudo chgrp root /etc/iptables
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify User Who Owns /etc/iptables Directory
To properly set the owner of/etc/iptables, run the command:$ sudo chown root /etc/iptables
Rule Medium Severity -
Verify Permissions On /etc/iptables Directory
To properly set the permissions of/etc/iptables, run the command:$ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/iptables
Rule Medium Severity -
Configure Accepting Default Router in Router Advertisements on All IPv6 Interfaces By Default
To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysct...Rule Unknown Severity -
Configure Accepting Prefix Information in Router Advertisements on All IPv6 Interfaces By Default
To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl...Rule Unknown Severity -
Configure Accepting Router Preference in Router Advertisements on All IPv6 Interfaces By Default
To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rtr_pref</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sys...Rule Unknown Severity -
Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects by Default on IPv6 Interfaces
To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysct...Rule Medium Severity -
The Chronyd service is enabled
chrony is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a ...Rule Medium Severity -
Enable the NTP Daemon
Run the following command to determine the current status of the <code>chronyd</code> service: <pre>$ sudo systemctl is-active chronyd</pre> If t...Rule Medium Severity -
Disable SSH root Login with a Password (Insecure)
To disable password-based root logins over SSH, add or correct the following line in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>: <pre>PermitRootLogin pro...Rule Medium Severity -
Disable SSH TCP Forwarding
The <code>AllowTcpForwarding</code> parameter specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. To disable TCP forwarding, add or correct the followin...Rule Medium Severity -
Disable SSH Support for User Known Hosts
SSH can allow system users to connect to systems if a cache of the remote systems public keys is available. This should be disabled. <br> ...Rule Medium Severity -
Software Integrity Checking
Both the AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) software and the RPM package management system provide mechanisms for verifying the integr...Group -
Configure Systemd Timer Execution of AIDE
At a minimum, AIDE should be configured to run a weekly scan. To implement a systemd service and a timer unit to run the service periodically: For ...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE
At a minimum, AIDE should be configured to run a weekly scan. To implement a daily execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line t...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure Notification of Post-AIDE Scan Details
AIDE should notify appropriate personnel of the details of a scan after the scan has been run. If AIDE has already been configured for periodic exe...Rule Medium Severity -
Configure AIDE to Verify Access Control Lists (ACLs)
By default, the <code>acl</code> option is added to the <code>FIPSR</code> ruleset in AIDE. If using a custom ruleset or the <code>acl</code> optio...Rule Low Severity
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