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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter

    Enables source route verification
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects

    Enable to prevent hijacking of routing path by only allowing redirects from gateways known in routing table. Disable to refuse acceptance of secure...
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv4.conf.default.shared_media

    Controls whether the system can send(router) or accept(host) RFC1620 shared media redirects. <code>shared_media</code> for the interface will be en...
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses

    Enable to prevent unnecessary logging
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337

    Enable to enable TCP behavior conformant with RFC 1337
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies

    Enable to turn on TCP SYN Cookie Protection
    Value
    Show

  • Install the ntp service

    The ntpd service should be installed.
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Protect Random-Number Entropy Pool

    The I/O operations of the Linux kernel block layer due to their inherently unpredictable execution times have been traditionally considered as a re...
    Group
    Show

  • Kernel Configuration

    Contains rules that check the kernel configuration that was used to build it.
    Group
    Show

  • Hash function for kernel module signing

    The hash function to use when signing modules during kernel build process.
    Value
    Show

  • Key and certificate for kernel module signing

    The private key and certificate to use when signing modules during kernel build process. On systems where the OpenSSL ENGINE_pkcs11 is functional —...
    Value
    Show

  • Kernel panic timeout

    The time, in seconds, to wait until a reboot occurs. If the value is <code>0</code> the system never reboots. If the value is less than <code>0</co...
    Value
    Show

  • Do not allow ACPI methods to be inserted/replaced at run time

    This debug facility allows ACPI AML methods to be inserted and/or replaced without rebooting the system. This configuration is available from kerne...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Disable kernel support for MISC binaries

    Enabling <code>CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC</code> makes it possible to plug wrapper-driven binary formats into the kernel. This is specially useful for prog...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable support for BUG()

    Disabling this option eliminates support for BUG and WARN, reducing the size of your kernel image and potentially quietly ignoring numerous fatal c...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable compatibility with brk()

    Enabling compatiliby with <code>brk()</code> allows legacy binaries to run (i.e. those linked against libc5). But this compatibility comes at the c...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure Chrony is only configured with the server directive

    Check that Chrony only has time sources configured with the server directive.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Network Parameters for Hosts Only

    If the system is not going to be used as a router, then setting certain kernel parameters ensure that the host will not perform routing of network ...
    Group
    Show

  • Xinetd

    The <code>xinetd</code> service acts as a dedicated listener for some network services (mostly, obsolete ones) and can be used to provide access co...
    Group
    Show

  • NIS

    The Network Information Service (NIS), also known as 'Yellow Pages' (YP), and its successor NIS+ have been made obsolete by Kerberos, LDAP, and oth...
    Group
    Show

  • Rlogin, Rsh, and Rexec

    The Berkeley r-commands are legacy services which allow cleartext remote access and have an insecure trust model.
    Group
    Show

  • Chat/Messaging Services

    The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session.
    Group
    Show

  • Telnet

    The telnet protocol does not provide confidentiality or integrity for information transmitted on the network. This includes authentication informat...
    Group
    Show

  • TFTP Server

    TFTP is a lightweight version of the FTP protocol which has traditionally been used to configure networking equipment. However, TFTP provides littl...
    Group
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns Backup gshadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns gshadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns passwd File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on group File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/group, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Files within /var/log Directory

    The /var/log directory contains files with logs of error messages in the system and should only be accessed by authorized personnel.
    Group
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on /var/log Directory

    To properly set the permissions of /var/log, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0755 /var/log
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify File Permissions Within Some Important Directories

    Some directories contain files whose confidentiality or integrity is notably important and may also be susceptible to misconfiguration over time, p...
    Group
    Show

  • Add nodev Option to /dev/shm

    The <code>nodev</code> mount option can be used to prevent creation of device files in <code>/dev/shm</code>. Legitimate character and block device...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • SSH Server

    The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between tw...
    Group
    Show

  • Add nosuid Option to /dev/shm

    The <code>nosuid</code> mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in <code>/dev/shm</code>. The SUID and SGID permissions s...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • SSH session Idle time

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Max authentication attempts

    Specify the maximum number of authentication attempts per connection.
    Value
    Show

  • Restrict Programs from Dangerous Execution Patterns

    The recommendations in this section are designed to ensure that the system's features to protect against potentially dangerous program execution ar...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable the uvcvideo module

    If the device contains a camera it should be covered or disabled when not in use.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • SSH Max Sessions Count

    Specify the maximum number of open sessions permitted.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Max Keep Alive Count

    Specify the maximum number of idle message counts before session is terminated.
    Value
    Show

  • Disable SSH Server If Possible

    The SSH server service, sshd, is commonly needed. However, if it can be disabled, do so. This is unusual, as SSH is a common method for encrypted ...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Specify module signing key to use

    Setting this option to something other than its default of <code>certs/signing_key.pem</code> will disable the autogeneration of signing keys and a...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Sign kernel modules with SHA-512

    This configures the kernel to build and sign modules using SHA512 as the hash function. The configuration that was used to build kernel is availab...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable poison without sanity check

    Skip the sanity checking on alloc, only fill the pages with poison on free. This reduces some of the overhead of the poisoning feature. This config...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Use zero for poisoning instead of debugging value

    Instead of using the existing poison value, fill the pages with zeros. This makes it harder to detect when errors are occurring due to sanitization...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Remove the kernel mapping in user mode

    This feature reduces the number of hardware side channels by ensuring that the majority of kernel addresses are not mapped into userspace. This con...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

Node 2

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