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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Verify /boot/grub/grub.cfg User Ownership

    The file <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> should be owned by the <code>root</code> user to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To pro...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Verify /boot/grub/user.cfg User Ownership

    The file <code>/boot/grub/user.cfg</code> should be owned by the <code>root</code> user to prevent reading or modification of the file. To properl...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Verify /boot/grub/grub.cfg Permissions

    File permissions for <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code> should be set to 600. To properly set the permissions of <code>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</code>, r...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Verify /boot/grub/user.cfg Permissions

    File permissions for <code>/boot/grub/user.cfg</code> should be set to 600. To properly set the permissions of <code>/boot/grub/user.cfg</code>, r...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Set Boot Loader Password in grub2

    The grub2 boot loader should have a superuser account and password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. <br> <br> Since plaint...
    Rule High Severity
  • Verify the UEFI Boot Loader grub.cfg Group Ownership

    The file <code>/boot/grub2/grub.cfg</code> should be group-owned by the <code>root</code> group to prevent destruction or modification of the file....
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Verify /boot/grub2/user.cfg Group Ownership

    The file <code>/boot/grub2/user.cfg</code> should be group-owned by the <code>root</code> group to prevent reading or modification of the file. To...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Emulate Privileged Access Never (PAN)

    Enabling this option prevents the kernel from accessing user-space memory directly by pointing TTBR0_EL1 to a reserved zeroed area and reserved ASI...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Trigger a kernel BUG when data corruption is detected

    This option makes the kernel BUG when it encounters data corruption in kernel memory structures when they get checked for validity. This configurat...
    Rule Low Severity
  • Warn on W+X mappings found at boot

    Generate a warning if any W+X mappings are found at boot. This configuration is available from kernel 5.8. The configuration that was used to buil...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Configure Low Address Space To Protect From User Allocation

    This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected from userspace allocation. This configuration is available from kernel 3.14, bu...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Harden common str/mem functions against buffer overflows

    Detect overflows of buffers in common string and memory functions where the compiler can determine and validate the buffer sizes. This configuratio...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Harden memory copies between kernel and userspace

    This option checks for obviously wrong memory regions when copying memory to/from the kernel (via copy_to_user() and copy_from_user() functions) by...
    Rule High Severity
  • Do not allow usercopy whitelist violations to fallback to object size

    This is a temporary option that allows missing usercopy whitelists to be discovered via a WARN() to the kernel log, instead of rejecting the copy, ...
    Rule High Severity
  • Disable vsyscall emulation

    The kernel traps and emulates calls into the fixed vsyscall address mapping. This configuration is available from kernel 5.3, but may be available ...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Disable vsyscall mapping

    This config disables the vsyscall mapping at all. Attempts to use the vsyscalls will be reported to dmesg, so that either old or malicious userspac...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Disable vsyscall emulate execution only

    The kernel traps and emulates calls into the fixed vsyscall address mapping and does not allow reads. This configuration is available from kernel 5...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Disable the LDT (local descriptor table)

    Linux can allow user programs to install a per-process x86 Local Descriptor Table (LDT) using the modify_ldt(2) system call. This is required to ru...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Enable poison of pages after freeing

    Fill the pages with poison patterns after free_pages() and verify the patterns before alloc_pages. This does have a potential performance impact if...
    Rule Medium Severity
  • Perform full reference count validation

    Enabling this switches the refcounting infrastructure from a fast unchecked atomic_t implementation to a fully state checked implementation, which ...
    Rule Medium Severity

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