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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Disable hibernation

    Enable the suspend to disk (STD) functionality, which is usually called "hibernation" in user interfaces. STD checkpoints the system and powers it ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable IA32 emulation

    Disables support for legacy 32-bit programs under a 64-bit kernel. The configuration that was used to build kernel is available at <code>/boot/con...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable the IPv6 protocol

    Disable support for IP version 6 (IPv6). The configuration that was used to build kernel is available at <code>/boot/config-*</code>. To check...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable kexec system call

    <code>kexec</code> is a system call that implements the ability to shutdown your current kernel, and to start another kernel. It is like a reboot b...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Disable legacy (BSD) PTY support

    Disable the Linux traditional BSD-like terminal names /dev/ptyxx for masters and /dev/ttyxx for slaves of pseudo terminals, and use only the modern...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable module signature verification

    Check modules for valid signatures upon load. Note that this option adds the OpenSSL development packages as a kernel build dependency so that the ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable automatic signing of all modules

    Sign all modules during make modules_install. Without this option, modules must be signed manually, using the scripts/sign-file tool. The configur...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Require modules to be validly signed

    Reject unsigned modules or signed modules with an unknown key. The configuration that was used to build kernel is available at <code>/boot/config-...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Specify the hash to use when signing modules

    This configures the kernel to build and sign modules using <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_kernel_config_module_sig_ha...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • polyinstantiation_enabled SELinux Boolean

    default - Default SELinux boolean setting.
    on - SELinux boolean is enabled.
    off - SELinux boolean is disabled.
    Value
    Show

  • secure_mode_insmod SELinux Boolean

    default - Default SELinux boolean setting.
    on - SELinux boolean is enabled.
    off - SELinux boolean is disabled.
    Value
    Show

  • selinuxuser_execheap SELinux Boolean

    default - Default SELinux boolean setting.
    on - SELinux boolean is enabled.
    off - SELinux boolean is disabled.
    Value
    Show

  • selinuxuser_execstack SELinux Boolean

    default - Default SELinux boolean setting.
    on - SELinux boolean is enabled.
    off - SELinux boolean is disabled.
    Value
    Show

  • APT service configuration

    The apt service manage the package management and update of the whole system. Its configuration need to be properly defined to ensure efficient sec...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable unauthenticated repositories in APT configuration

    Unauthenticated repositories should not be used for updates.
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that official distribution repositories are used

    Check that official Debian repositories, including security repository, are configured in apt.
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Avahi Server

    The Avahi daemon implements the DNS Service Discovery and Multicast DNS protocols, which provide service and host discovery on a network. It allows...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure Avahi if Necessary

    If your system requires the Avahi daemon, its configuration can be restricted to improve security. The Avahi daemon configuration file is <code>/et...
    Group
    Show

  • Cron and At Daemons

    The cron and at services are used to allow commands to be executed at a later time. The cron service is required by almost all systems to perform n...
    Group
    Show

  • Install the cron service

    The Cron service should be installed.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Restrict Root Logins

    Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivil...
    Group
    Show

  • Verify Only Root Has UID 0

    If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or h...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify Root Has A Primary GID 0

    The root user should have a primary group of 0.
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Disable DHCP Server

    The DHCP server <code>dhcpd</code> is not installed or activated by default. If the software was installed and activated, but the system does not n...
    Group
    Show

  • Application Whitelisting Daemon

    Fapolicyd (File Access Policy Daemon) implements application whitelisting to decide file access rights. Applications that are known via a reputatio...
    Group
    Show

  • fapolicyd Must be Configured to Limit Access to Users Home Folders

    fapolicyd needs be configured so that users cannot give access to their home folders to other users.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure vsftpd to Provide FTP Service if Necessary

    The primary vsftpd configuration file is /etc/vsftpd.conf, if that file exists, or /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf if it does not.
    Group
    Show

  • systemd-journald

    systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging ...
    Group
    Show

  • Ensure AppArmor is installed

    AppArmor provide Mandatory Access Controls.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enforce all AppArmor Profiles

    AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access. To set all profiles to enforce mode run the following command: <pre>$ sudo...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts

    When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the...
    Group
    Show

  • Maximum login attempts delay

    Maximum time in seconds between fail login attempts before re-prompting.
    Value
    Show

  • Maximum concurrent login sessions

    Maximum number of concurrent sessions by a user
    Value
    Show

  • Account Inactivity Timeout (seconds)

    In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates afte...
    Value
    Show

  • Interactive users initialization files

    'A regular expression describing a list of file names for files that are sourced at login time for interactive users'
    Value
    Show

  • Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include Relative Paths or Null Directories

    Ensure that none of the directories in root's path is equal to a single <code>.</code> character, or that it contains any instances that lead to re...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Sensible umask

    Enter default user umask
    Value
    Show

  • NFS and RPC

    The Network File System is a popular distributed filesystem for the Unix environment, and is very widely deployed. This section discusses the circ...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable All NFS Services if Possible

    If there is not a reason for the system to operate as either an NFS client or an NFS server, follow all instructions in this section to disable sub...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable netfs if Possible

    To determine if any network filesystems handled by netfs are currently mounted on the system execute the following command: <pre>$ mount -t nfs,nfs...
    Group
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.all.max_addresses

    Maximum number of autoconfigured IPv6 addresses
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.all.router_solicitations

    Accept all router solicitations?
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr

    Accept default router in router advertisements?
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo

    Accept prefix information in router advertisements?
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rtr_pref

    Accept router preference in router advertisements?
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects

    Toggle ICMP Redirect Acceptance By Default
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route

    Trackers could be using source-routed packets to generate traffic that seems to be intra-net, but actually was created outside and has been redirec...
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.autoconf

    Enable auto configuration on IPv6 interfaces
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.max_addresses

    Maximum number of autoconfigured IPv6 addresses
    Value
    Show

  • net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitations

    Accept all router solicitations by default?
    Value
    Show

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