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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Configure ARP filtering for All IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.i...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure Response Mode of ARP Requests for All IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.i...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Drop Gratuitious ARP frames on All IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.drop_gratuitous_arp</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Prevent Routing External Traffic to Local Loopback on All IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w n...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.ip...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure Sending and Accepting Shared Media Redirects for All IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.shared_media</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects by Default on IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysct...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on IPv4 Interfaces by Default

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sy...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w ne...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects By Default

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysct...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns shadow File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Who Owns /etc/shells File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shells, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shells
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure Sending and Accepting Shared Media Redirects by Default

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.shared_media</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Ignore Bogus ICMP Error Responses on IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo s...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Set Kernel Parameter to Increase Local Port Range

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.i...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Use TCP RFC 1337 on IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Use TCP Syncookies on Network Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.t...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w n...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable Kernel Parameter for IP Forwarding on IPv4 Interfaces

    To set the runtime status of the <code>net.ipv4.ip_forward</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_fo...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup group File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/group-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup gshadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/gshadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • nftables

    <code>If firewalld or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidanc...
    Group
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns /etc/nftables Directory

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/nftables, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/nftables
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns /etc/nftables Directory

    To properly set the owner of /etc/nftables, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/nftables
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions On /etc/nftables Directory

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/nftables, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0700 /etc/nftables
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify ufw Enabled

    The ufw service can be enabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl enable ufw.service
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Disable RDS Support

    The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed to provide reliable high-bandwidth, low-latency communications ...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • File Permissions and Masks

    Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which t...
    Group
    Show

  • Ensure All World-Writable Directories Are Owned by root User

    All directories in local partitions which are world-writable should be owned by root. If any world-writable directories are not owned by root, this...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that All World-Writable Directories Have Sticky Bits Set

    When the so-called 'sticky bit' is set on a directory, only the owner of a given file may remove that file from the directory. Without the sticky b...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup passwd File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that system commands directories have root as a group owner

    System commands are stored in the following directories: by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin </pre> ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify that system commands directories have root ownership

    System commands are stored in the following directories by default: <pre>/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin </pre> A...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns /etc/crypttab File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/crypttab, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/crypttab
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns System.map Files

    The System.map files are symbol map files generated during the compilation of the Linux kernel. They contain the mapping between kernel symbols and...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns /etc/crypttab File

    To properly set the owner of /etc/crypttab, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/crypttab
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify User Who Owns System.map Files

    The System.map files are symbol map files generated during the compilation of the Linux kernel. They contain the mapping between kernel symbols and...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions On /etc/crypttab File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/crypttab, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/crypttab
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure All Files Are Owned by a Group

    If any file is not group-owned by a group present in /etc/group, the cause of the lack of group-ownership must be investigated. Following this, tho...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on Backup shadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow-, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow-
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on gshadow File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Permissions on passwd File

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure All Files Are Owned by a User

    If any files are not owned by a user, then the cause of their lack of ownership should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on FIFOs

    To set the runtime status of the <code>fs.protected_fifos</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_fi...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on Regular files

    To set the runtime status of the <code>fs.protected_regular</code> kernel parameter, run the following command: <pre>$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns group File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/group
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/gshadow
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Who Owns passwd File

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

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