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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Ubuntu 20.04

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed

    If any password hashes are stored in <code>/etc/passwd</code> (in the second field, instead of an <code>x</code> or <code>*</code>), the cause of t...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed with SHA512

    Verify the operating system requires the shadow password suite configuration be set to encrypt interactive user passwords using a strong cryptograp...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure all users last password change date is in the past

    All users should have a password change date in the past.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure sudo group has only necessary members

    Developers and implementers can increase the assurance in security functions by employing well-defined security policy models; structured, discipli...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • All GIDs referenced in /etc/passwd must be defined in /etc/group

    Add a group to the system for each GID referenced without a corresponding group.
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist

    Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate User ID (UID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passw...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • All Interactive User Home Directories Must Have mode 0750 Or Less Permissive

    Change the mode of interactive users home directories to <code>0750</code>. To change the mode of interactive users home directory, use the followi...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure There Are No Accounts With Blank or Null Passwords

    Check the "/etc/shadow" file for blank passwords with the following command: <pre>$ sudo awk -F: '!$2 {print $1}' /etc/shadow</pre> If the command ...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify No .forward Files Exist

    The .forward file specifies an email address to forward the user's mail to.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify No netrc Files Exist

    The <code>.netrc</code> files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files ma...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Restrict Root Logins

    Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivil...
    Group
    Show

  • Group Name Used by pam_wheel Group Parameter

    pam_wheel module has a parameter called group, which controls which groups can access the su command. This variable holds the valid value for the p...
    Value
    Show

  • Verify Only Root Has UID 0

    If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or h...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Verify Root Has A Primary GID 0

    The root user should have a primary group of 0.
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Ensure Authentication Required for Single User Mode

    Single user mode is used for recovery when the system detects an issue during boot or by manual selection from the bootloader.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Direct root Logins Not Allowed

    To further limit access to the <code>root</code> account, administrators can disable root logins at the console by editing the <code>/etc/securetty...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that System Accounts Are Locked

    Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative functions. An attacker should not be abl...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login

    Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative functions. Should an attacker be able to...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Direct root Logins Are Not Allowed

    Configure the operating system to prevent direct logins to the <code>root</code> account by performing the following operations: <pre>$ sudo passwd...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Restrict Serial Port Root Logins

    To restrict root logins on serial ports, ensure lines of this form do not appear in /etc/securetty: 
    ttyS0
ttyS1
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Restrict Virtual Console Root Logins

    To restrict root logins through the (deprecated) virtual console devices, ensure lines of this form do not appear in <code>/etc/securetty</code>: <...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts

    When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the...
    Group
    Show

  • Maximum login attempts delay

    Maximum time in seconds between fail login attempts before re-prompting.
    Value
    Show

  • Maximum concurrent login sessions

    Maximum number of concurrent sessions by a user
    Value
    Show

  • Account Inactivity Timeout (seconds)

    In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt. Bash terminates afte...
    Value
    Show

  • Interactive users initialization files

    'A regular expression describing a list of file names for files that are sourced at login time for interactive users'
    Value
    Show

  • Ensure the Logon Failure Delay is Set Correctly in login.defs

    To ensure the logon failure delay controlled by <code>/etc/login.defs</code> is set properly, add or correct the <code>FAIL_DELAY</code> setting in...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • All Interactive User Home Directories Must Be Owned By The Primary User

    Change the owner of interactive users home directories to that correct owner. To change the owner of a interactive users home directory, use the fo...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User

    Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user can limit risks related to Denial of Service attacks. This addresses concurrent sessions...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Configure Polyinstantiation of /tmp Directories

    To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use th...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Configure Polyinstantiation of /var/tmp Directories

    To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use th...
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Set Interactive Session Timeout

    Setting the <code>TMOUT</code> option in <code>/etc/profile</code> ensures that all user sessions will terminate based on inactivity. The value of ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • User Initialization Files Must Be Group-Owned By The Primary Group

    Change the group owner of interactive users files to the group found in <pre>/etc/passwd</pre> for the user. To change the group owner of a local i...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • User Initialization Files Must Be Owned By the Primary User

    Set the owner of the user initialization files for interactive users to the primary owner with the following command: <pre>$ sudo chown <i>USER</i>...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • All Interactive Users Home Directories Must Exist

    Create home directories to all local interactive users that currently do not have a home directory assigned. Use the following commands to create t...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure users own their home directories

    The user home directory is space defined for the particular user to set local environment variables and to store personal files. Since the user is ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • All Interactive User Home Directories Must Be Group-Owned By The Primary Group

    Change the group owner of interactive users home directory to the group found in <code>/etc/passwd</code>. To change the group owner of interactive...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that User Home Directories are not Group-Writable or World-Readable

    For each human user of the system, view the permissions of the user's home directory: <pre># ls -ld /home/<i>USER</i></pre> Ensure that the directo...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that No Dangerous Directories Exist in Root's Path

    The active path of the root account can be obtained by starting a new root shell and running: <pre># echo $PATH</pre> This will produce a colon-sep...
    Group
    Show

  • Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include World or Group-Writable Directories

    For each element in root's path, run: 
    # ls -ld DIR
    and ensure that write permissions are disabled for group and other.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include Relative Paths or Null Directories

    Ensure that none of the directories in root's path is equal to a single <code>.</code> character, or that it contains any instances that lead to re...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Ensure that Users Have Sensible Umask Values

    The umask setting controls the default permissions for the creation of new files. With a default <code>umask</code> setting of 077, files and direc...
    Group
    Show

  • Sensible umask

    Enter default user umask
    Value
    Show

  • Ensure the Default Bash Umask is Set Correctly

    To ensure the default umask for users of the Bash shell is set properly, add or correct the <code>umask</code> setting in <code>/etc/bashrc</code> ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure the Default C Shell Umask is Set Correctly

    To ensure the default umask for users of the C shell is set properly, add or correct the <code>umask</code> setting in <code>/etc/csh.cshrc</code> ...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in login.defs

    To ensure the default umask controlled by <code>/etc/login.defs</code> is set properly, add or correct the <code>UMASK</code> setting in <code>/etc...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile

    To ensure the default umask controlled by <code>/etc/profile</code> is set properly, add or correct the <code>umask</code> setting in <code>/etc/pr...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly For Interactive Users

    Remove the UMASK environment variable from all interactive users initialization files.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • System Accounting with auditd

    The audit service provides substantial capabilities for recording system activities. By default, the service audits about SELinux AVC denials and c...
    Group
    Show

  • Ensure the default plugins for the audit dispatcher are Installed

    The audit-audispd-plugins package should be installed.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

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