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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

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  • Disable X Windows Startup By Setting Default Target

    Systems that do not require a graphical user interface should only boot by default into <code>multi-user.target</code> mode. This prevents accident...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Introduction

    The purpose of this guidance is to provide security configuration recommendations and baselines for the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 operating system...
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  • General Principles

    The following general principles motivate much of the advice in this guide and should also influence any configuration decisions that are not expli...
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  • Encrypt Transmitted Data Whenever Possible

    Data transmitted over a network, whether wired or wireless, is susceptible to passive monitoring. Whenever practical solutions for encrypting such ...
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  • Least Privilege

    Grant the least privilege necessary for user accounts and software to perform tasks. For example, <code>sudo</code> can be implemented to limit aut...
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  • Minimize Software to Minimize Vulnerability

    The simplest way to avoid vulnerabilities in software is to avoid installing that software. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9,the RPM Package Manager (...
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  • Run Different Network Services on Separate Systems

    Whenever possible, a server should be dedicated to serving exactly one network service. This limits the number of other services that can be compro...
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  • Configure Security Tools to Improve System Robustness

    Several tools exist which can be effectively used to improve a system's resistance to and detection of unknown attacks. These tools can improve rob...
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  • How to Use This Guide

    Readers should heed the following points when using the guide.
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  • Formatting Conventions

    Commands intended for shell execution, as well as configuration file text, are featured in a <code>monospace font</code>. <i>Italics</i> are used t...
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  • Read Sections Completely and in Order

    Each section may build on information and recommendations discussed in prior sections. Each section should be read and understood completely; instr...
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  • Reboot Required

    A system reboot is implicitly required after some actions in order to complete the reconfiguration of the system. In many cases, the changes will n...
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  • Root Shell Environment Assumed

    Most of the actions listed in this document are written with the assumption that they will be executed by the root user running the <code>/bin/bash...
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  • Test in Non-Production Environment

    This guidance should always be tested in a non-production environment before deployment. This test environment should simulate the setup in which t...
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  • Verify and Correct Ownership with RPM

    The RPM package management system can check file ownership permissions of installed software packages, including many that are important to system ...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Verify and Correct File Permissions with RPM

    The RPM package management system can check file access permissions of installed software packages, including many that are important to system sec...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Configure SSH Client to Use FIPS 140-2 Validated MACs: openssh.config

    Crypto Policies provide a centralized control over crypto algorithms usage of many packages. OpenSSH is supported by system crypto policy, but the ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure /dev/shm is configured

    The <code>/dev/shm</code> is a traditional shared memory concept. One program will create a memory portion, which other processes (if permitted) ca...
    Rule Low Severity
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  • Install cryptsetup Package

    The cryptsetup package can be installed with the following command: 
    $ sudo dnf install cryptsetup
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification

    To configure the system to notify users of last logon/access using <code>pam_lastlog</code>, add or correct the <code>pam_lastlog</code> settings i...
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