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Guide to the Secure Configuration of openSUSE

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Web Server

    The web server is responsible for providing access to content via the HTTP protocol. Web servers represent a significant security risk because: <br...
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  • Disable NGINX if Possible

    If NGINX was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be removed from the system.
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  • Install Apache if Necessary

    If <code>httpd</code> was not installed and activated, but the system needs to act as a web server, then it should be installed on the system. Foll...
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  • Confirm Minimal Built-in Modules Installed

    The default <code>httpd</code> installation minimizes the number of modules that are compiled directly into the binary (<code>core prefork http_cor...
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  • Secure Apache Configuration

    The <code>httpd</code> configuration file is <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>. Apply the recommendations in the remainder of this section to...
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  • HTTPD Log Level

    The setting for LogLevel in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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  • Maximum KeepAlive Requests for HTTPD

    The setting for MaxKeepAliveRequests in httpd.conf
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  • Configure Operating System to Protect Web Server

    The following configuration steps should be taken on the system which hosts the web server, in order to provide as safe an environment as possible ...
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  • Run httpd in a chroot Jail if Practical

    Running <code>httpd</code> inside a <code>chroot</code> jail is designed to isolate the web server process to a small section of the filesystem, li...
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  • Restrict File and Directory Access

    Minimize access to critical httpd files and directories.
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  • Configure PERL Securely

    PERL (Practical Extraction and Report Language) is an interpreted language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from...
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  • Configure PHP Securely

    PHP is a widely-used and often misconfigured server-side scripting language. It should be used with caution, but configured appropriately when need...
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  • Directory Restrictions

    The Directory tags in the web server configuration file allow finer grained access control for a specified directory. All web directories should be...
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  • Minimize Web Server Loadable Modules

    A default installation of <code>httpd</code> includes a plethora of dynamically shared objects (DSO) that are loaded at run-time. Unlike the aforem...
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  • httpd Core Modules

    These modules comprise a basic subset of modules that are likely needed for base <code>httpd</code> functionality; ensure they are not commented ou...
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  • Minimize Modules for HTTP Basic Authentication

    The following modules are necessary if this web server will provide content that will be restricted by a password. <br><br> Authentication can be p...
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  • Minimize Configuration Files Included

    The <code>Include</code> directive directs <code>httpd</code> to load supplementary configuration files from a provided path. The default configura...
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  • Minimize Various Optional Components

    The following modules perform very specific tasks, sometimes providing access to just a few additional directives. If such functionality is not req...
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  • Use Appropriate Modules to Improve httpd's Security

    Among the modules available for <code>httpd</code> are several whose use may improve the security of the web server installation. This section reco...
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  • Deploy mod_security

    The <code>security</code> module provides an application level firewall for <code>httpd</code>. Following its installation with the base ruleset, s...
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  • Deploy mod_ssl

    Because HTTP is a plain text protocol, all traffic is susceptible to passive monitoring. If there is a need for confidentiality, SSL should be conf...
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  • Restrict Web Server Information Leakage

    The <code>ServerTokens</code> and <code>ServerSignature</code> directives determine how much information the web server discloses about the configu...
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  • Configure HTTPD-Served Web Content Securely

    Running <code>httpd</code> inside a <code>chroot</code> jail is designed to isolate the web server process to a small section of the filesystem, li...
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  • Web Login Banner Verbiage

    Enter an appropriate login banner for your organization. Please note that new lines must be expressed by the '\n' character and special characters ...
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  • Use Denial-of-Service Protection Modules

    Denial-of-service attacks are difficult to detect and prevent while maintaining acceptable access to authorized users. However, some traffic-shapin...
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  • IMAP and POP3 Server

    Dovecot provides IMAP and POP3 services. It is not installed by default. The project page at <a href="http://www.dovecot.org">http://www.dovec...
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  • Configure Dovecot if Necessary

    If the system will operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the dovecot software should be configured securely by following the recommendations below.
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  • Allow IMAP Clients to Access the Server

    The default iptables configuration does not allow inbound access to any services. This modification will allow remote hosts to initiate connection...
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  • Enable SSL Support

    SSL should be used to encrypt network traffic between the Dovecot server and its clients. Users must authenticate to the Dovecot server in order ...
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  • Support Only the Necessary Protocols

    Dovecot supports the IMAP and POP3 protocols, as well as SSL-protected versions of those protocols. Configure the Dovecot server to support only ...
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  • Disable Cyrus IMAP

    If the system does not need to operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the Cyrus IMAP software should be removed.
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  • Disable Dovecot

    If the system does not need to operate as an IMAP or POP3 server, the dovecot software should be disabled and removed.
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  • Kerberos

    The Kerberos protocol is used for authentication across non-secure network. Authentication can happen between various types of principals -- users,...
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  • LDAP

    LDAP is a popular directory service, that is, a standardized way of looking up information from a central database. openSUSE includes software that...
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  • Configure OpenLDAP Clients

    This section provides information on which security settings are important to configure in OpenLDAP clients by manually editing the appropriate con...
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  • Configure OpenLDAP Server

    This section details some security-relevant settings for an OpenLDAP server.
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  • SSH Approved MACs by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved MACs (message authentication code) algorithms that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
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  • Install and Protect LDAP Certificate Files

    Create the PKI directory for LDAP certificates if it does not already exist: <pre>$ sudo mkdir /etc/pki/tls/ldap $ sudo chown root:root /etc/pki/tl...
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  • Mail Server Software

    Mail servers are used to send and receive email over the network. Mail is a very common service, and Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs) are obvious target...
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  • The Postfix package is installed

    A mail server is required for sending emails. The <code>postfix</code> package can be installed with the following command: <pre> $ sudo zypper ins...
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  • Configure SMTP For Mail Clients

    This section discusses settings for Postfix in a submission-only e-mail configuration.
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  • Postfix Network Interfaces

    The setting for inet_interfaces in /etc/postfix/main.cf
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  • Postfix relayhost

    Specify the host all outbound email should be routed into.
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  • Postfix Root Mail Alias

    Specify an email address (string) for a root mail alias.
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  • Configure System to Forward All Mail For The Root Account

    Make sure that mails delivered to root user are forwarded to a monitored email address. Make sure that the address <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org....
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  • Configure System to Forward All Mail From Postmaster to The Root Account

    Verify the administrators are notified in the event of an audit processing failure. Check that the "/etc/aliases" file has a defined value for "roo...
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  • Configure System to Forward All Mail through a specific host

    Set up a relay host that will act as a gateway for all outbound email. Edit the file <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> to ensure that only the foll...
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  • Configure Operating System to Protect Mail Server

    The guidance in this section is appropriate for any host which is operating as a site MTA, whether the mail server runs using Sendmail, Postfix, or...
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  • SSH session Idle time

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
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  • Configure SSL Certificates for Use with SMTP AUTH

    If SMTP AUTH is to be used, the use of SSL to protect credentials in transit is strongly recommended. There are also configurations for which it ma...
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