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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Oracle Linux 7

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Verify ownership of Message of the Day Banner

    To properly set the owner of /etc/motd, run the command: 
    $ sudo chown root /etc/motd
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Implement a GUI Warning Banner

    In the default graphical environment, users logging directly into the system are greeted with a login screen provided by the GNOME Display Manager (GDM). The warning banner should be displayed in t...
    Group
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  • Set the GNOME3 Login Warning Banner Text

    In the default graphical environment, configuring the login warning banner text in the GNOME Display Manager's login screen can be configured on the login screen by setting <code>banner-message-tex...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Protect Accounts by Configuring PAM

    PAM, or Pluggable Authentication Modules, is a system which implements modular authentication for Linux programs. PAM provides a flexible and configurable architecture for authentication, and it sh...
    Group
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  • Password Hashing algorithm

    Specify the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords. Defines the value set as ENCRYPT_METHOD in /etc/login.defs.
    Value
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  • remember

    The last n passwords for each user are saved in <code>/etc/security/opasswd</code> in order to force password change history and keep the user from alternating between the same password too frequen...
    Value
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  • Disallow Configuration to Bypass Password Requirements for Privilege Escalation

    Verify the operating system is not configured to bypass password requirements for privilege escalation. Check the configuration of the "/etc/pam.d/sudo" file with the following command: <pre>$ sudo...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Limit Password Reuse

    Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the remember option for the pam_unix or pam_pwhistory PAM modules.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Lockouts for Failed Password Attempts

    The <code>pam_faillock</code> PAM module provides the capability to lock out user accounts after a number of failed login attempts. Its documentation is available in <code>/usr/share/doc/pam-VERSIO...
    Group
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  • fail_deny

    Number of failed login attempts before account lockout
    Value
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  • faillock directory

    The directory where the user files with the failure records are kept
    Value
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  • fail_interval

    Interval for counting failed login attempts before account lockout
    Value
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  • fail_unlock_time

    Seconds before automatic unlocking or permanently locking after excessive failed logins
    Value
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  • tally2_unlock_time

    Seconds before automatic unlocking or permanently locking after excessive failed logins
    Value
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  • pwhistory_remember

    Prevent password re-use using password history lookup
    Value
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  • PAM pwhistory remember - control flag

    'Specify the control flag required for password remember requirement. If multiple values are allowed write them separated by commas as in "required,requisite", for remediations the first value will...
    Value
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  • tally2

    Number of failed login attempts
    Value
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  • Account Lockouts Must Be Logged

    PAM faillock locks an account due to excessive password failures, this event must be logged.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Account Lockouts Must Persist

    By setting a `dir` in the faillock configuration account lockouts will persist across reboots.
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Configure the root Account for Failed Password Attempts

    This rule configures the system to lock out the <code>root</code> account after a number of incorrect login attempts using <code>pam_faillock.so</code>. pam_faillock.so module requires multiple en...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Interval For Counting Failed Password Attempts

    Utilizing <code>pam_faillock.so</code>, the <code>fail_interval</code> directive configures the system to lock out an account after a number of incorrect login attempts within a specified time peri...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Password Quality Requirements

    The default <code>pam_pwquality</code> PAM module provides strength checking for passwords. It performs a number of checks, such as making sure passwords are not similar to dictionary words, are of...
    Group
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  • Configure PAMs passwd Module To Implement system-auth Substack When Changing Passwords

    Verify that pam is configured to use <code>/etc/pam.d/system-auth</code> when changing passwords. Look for the following line in <code>/etc/pam.d/passwd</code>: <pre>password substack system-auth</...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set Existing Passwords Minimum Age

    Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime by running the following command: 
    $ sudo chage -m 1 USER
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • dcredit

    Minimum number of digits in password
    Value
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  • difok

    Minimum number of characters not present in old password
    Value
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  • lcredit

    Minimum number of lower case in password
    Value
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  • maxclassrepeat

    Maximum Number of Consecutive Repeating Characters in a Password From the Same Character Class
    Value
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  • maxrepeat

    Maximum Number of Consecutive Repeating Characters in a Password
    Value
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  • minclass

    Minimum number of categories of characters that must exist in a password
    Value
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  • minlen

    Minimum number of characters in password
    Value
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  • ocredit

    Minimum number of other (special characters) in password
    Value
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  • retry

    Number of retry attempts before erroring out
    Value
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  • ucredit

    Minimum number of upper case in password
    Value
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Digit Characters

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>dcredit</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of digits in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Lowercase Characters

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>lcredit</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of lowercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Maximum Consecutive Repeating Characters from Same Character Class

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>maxclassrepeat</code> parameter controls requirements for consecutive repeating characters from the same character class. When set to a positive number, it will rej...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Length

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>minlen</code> parameter controls requirements for minimum characters required in a password. Add <code>minlen=<xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_val...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Special Characters

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>ocredit=</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of special (or "other") characters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be requ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Authentication Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session

    To configure the number of retry prompts that are permitted per-session: Edit the <code>pam_pwquality.so</code> statement in <code>/etc/pam.d/system-auth</code> to show <code>retry=<xccdf-1.2:s...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Uppercase Characters

    The pam_pwquality module's <code>ucredit=</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of uppercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contai...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable Ctrl-Alt-Del Reboot Activation

    By default, <code>SystemD</code> will reboot the system if the <code>Ctrl-Alt-Del</code> key sequence is pressed. <br> <br> To configure the system to ignore the <code>Ctrl-Alt-Del</code> k...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/login.defs

    In <code>/etc/login.defs</code>, add or update the following line to ensure the system will use <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_password_hashing_algorithm" use="legacy"...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Set PAM''s Password Hashing Algorithm

    The PAM system service can be configured to only store encrypted representations of passwords. In "/etc/pam.d/system-auth", the <code>password</code> section of the file controls which PAM modules ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Protect Physical Console Access

    It is impossible to fully protect a system from an attacker with physical access, so securing the space in which the system is located should be considered a necessary step. However, there are some...
    Group
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  • Login timeout for idle sessions

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
    Value
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  • Disable debug-shell SystemD Service

    SystemD's <code>debug-shell</code> service is intended to diagnose SystemD related boot issues with various <code>systemctl</code> commands. Once enabled and following a system reboot, the root she...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Disable Ctrl-Alt-Del Burst Action

    By default, <code>SystemD</code> will reboot the system if the <code>Ctrl-Alt-Del</code> key sequence is pressed Ctrl-Alt-Delete more than 7 times in 2 seconds. <br> <br> To configure the s...
    Rule High Severity
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  • Require Authentication for Emergency Systemd Target

    Emergency mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system during a failed boot sequence. <br> <br> By default, Emergency mode is protected by...
    Rule Medium Severity
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  • Require Authentication for Single User Mode

    Single-user mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system by providing a boot option at startup. <br> <br> By default, single-user mode is ...
    Rule Medium Severity
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