MS SQL Server 2016 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Access to linked servers must be disabled or restricted, unless specifically required and approved.
Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizatio...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must be configured to prohibit or restrict the use of organization-defined protocols as defined in the PPSM CAL and vulnerability assessments.
In order to prevent unauthorized connection of devices, unauthorized transfer of information, or unauthorized tunneling (i.e., embedding of data types within data types), organizations must disable...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users).
To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, organizational users must be identified and authenticated to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system. Organizational u...Rule Medium Severity -
Confidentiality of information during transmission is controlled through the use of an approved TLS version.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption is a required security setting as a number of known vulnerabilities have been reported against Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and earlier versions of TLS. Encr...Rule High Severity -
SQL Server must enforce authorized access to all PKI private keys stored/utilized by SQL Server.
The DoD standard for authentication is DoD-approved PKI certificates. PKI certificate-based authentication is performed by requiring the certificate holder to cryptographically prove possession of ...Rule High Severity -
SQL Server must uniquely identify and authenticate non-organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of non-organizational users).
Non-organizational users include all information system users other than organizational users, which include organizational employees or individuals the organization deems to have equivalent status...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must maintain the authenticity of communications sessions by guarding against man-in-the-middle attacks that guess at Session ID values.
One class of man-in-the-middle, or session hijacking, attack involves the adversary guessing at valid session identifiers based on patterns in identifiers already known. The preferred technique ...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must protect the confidentiality and integrity of all information at rest.
This control is intended to address the confidentiality and integrity of information at rest in non-mobile devices and covers user information and system information. Information at rest refers to ...Rule High Severity -
The Service Master Key must be backed up and stored in a secure location that is not on the SQL Server.
Backup and recovery of the Service Master Key may be critical to the complete recovery of the database. Creating this backup should be one of the first administrative actions performed on the serve...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources.
The purpose of this control is to prevent information, including encrypted representations of information, produced by the actions of a prior user/role (or the actions of a process acting on behalf...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via Instant File Initialization (IFI).
The purpose of this control is to prevent information, including encrypted representations of information, produced by the actions of a prior user/role (or the actions of a process acting on behalf...Rule Medium Severity -
Access to database files must be limited to relevant processes and to authorized, administrative users.
SQL Server must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources. Permitting only SQL Server processes and authorized, administrative users to have access to the...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must reveal detailed error messages only to documented and approved individuals or roles.
If SQL Server provides too much information in error logs and administrative messages to the screen, this could lead to compromise. The structure and content of error messages need to be carefully ...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions, to include disabling, circumventing, or altering implemented security safeguards/countermeasures.
Preventing non-privileged users from executing privileged functions mitigates the risk that unauthorized individuals or processes may gain unnecessary access to information or privileges. Syste...Rule Medium Severity -
Use of credentials and proxies must be restricted to necessary cases only.
In certain situations, to provide required functionality, a DBMS needs to execute internal logic (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) and/or external code modules with elevated privileges...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must provide a warning to appropriate support staff when allocated audit record storage volume reaches 75% of maximum audit record storage capacity.
Organizations are required to use a central log management system, so, under normal conditions, the audit space allocated to SQL Server on its own server will not be an issue. However, space will s...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the instance.
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions...Rule Medium Severity -
Windows must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the SQL Server instance.
Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must produce audit records of its enforcement of access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of SQL Server or database(s).
Without auditing the enforcement of access restrictions against changes to configuration, it would be difficult to identify attempted attacks and an audit trail would not be available for forensic ...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must disable network functions, ports, protocols, and services deemed by the organization to be nonsecure, in accord with the Ports, Protocols, and Services Management (PPSM) guidance.
Use of nonsecure network functions, ports, protocols, and services exposes the system to avoidable threats.Rule Medium Severity
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