MS SQL Server 2016 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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SQL Server must maintain a separate execution domain for each executing process.
Database management systems can maintain separate execution domains for each executing process by assigning each process a separate address space. Each process has a distinct address space so t...Rule Medium Severity -
When updates are applied to SQL Server software, any software components that have been replaced or made unnecessary must be removed.
Previous versions of DBMS components that are not removed from the information system after updates have been installed may be exploited by adversaries. Some DBMSs' installation tools may remov...Rule Medium Severity -
Security-relevant software updates to SQL Server must be installed within the time period directed by an authoritative source (e.g. IAVM, CTOs, DTMs, and STIGs).
Security flaws with software applications, including database management systems, are discovered daily. Vendors are constantly updating and patching their products to address newly discovered secur...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must be able to generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful attempts to access security objects occur.
Changes to the security configuration must be tracked. This requirement applies to situations where security data is retrieved or modified via data manipulation operations, as opposed to via spec...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful attempts to add privileges/permissions occur.
Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of privileges could go undetected. Elevat...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful attempts to modify privileges/permissions occur.
Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of privileges could go undetected. Elevat...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful attempts to delete privileges/permissions occur.
Changes in the permissions, privileges, and roles granted to users and roles must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized elevation or restriction of privileges could go undetected. Elevat...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records when successful and unsuccessful attempts to delete categorized information (e.g., classification levels/security levels) occur.
Changes in categorized information must be tracked. Without an audit trail, unauthorized access to protected data could go undetected. To aid in diagnosis, it is necessary to keep track of faile...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records for all privileged activities or other system-level access.
Without tracking privileged activity, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. System documentati...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records when unsuccessful attempts to execute privileged activities or other system-level access occur.
Without tracking privileged activity, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one. System documentati...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must generate audit records for all direct access to the database(s).
In this context, direct access is any query, command, or call to SQL Server that comes from any source other than the application(s) that it supports. Examples would be the command line or a databa...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server must implement NIST FIPS 140-2 or 140-3 validated cryptographic modules to provision digital signatures.
Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data. The application must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher standards ...Rule High Severity -
The SQL Server default account [sa] must be disabled.
SQL Server's [sa] account has special privileges required to administer the database. The [sa] account is a well-known SQL Server account and is likely to be targeted by attackers and thus more pro...Rule High Severity -
SQL Server default account [sa] must have its name changed.
SQL Server's [sa] account has special privileges required to administer the database. The [sa] account is a well-known SQL Server account name and is likely to be targeted by attackers, and is thus...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server Mirroring endpoint must utilize AES encryption.
Information can be either unintentionally or maliciously disclosed or modified during preparation for transmission, including, for example, during aggregation, at protocol transformation points, an...Rule Medium Severity -
SQL Server execute permissions to access the registry must be revoked, unless specifically required and approved.
Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizatio...Rule Medium Severity -
Ole Automation Procedures feature must be disabled, unless specifically required and approved.
Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizatio...Rule Medium Severity -
Remote Access feature must be disabled, unless specifically required and approved.
Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizatio...Rule Medium Severity -
Remote Data Archive feature must be disabled, unless specifically required and approved.
Information systems are capable of providing a wide variety of functions and services. Some of the functions and services, provided by default, may not be necessary to support essential organizatio...Rule Medium Severity -
The SQL Server Browser service must be disabled unless specifically required and approved.
The SQL Server Browser simplifies the administration of SQL Server, particularly when multiple instances of SQL Server coexist on the same computer. It avoids the need to hard-assign port numbers t...Rule Low Severity
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