Guide to the Secure Configuration of SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Configure AIDE to Verify Extended Attributes
By default, the <code>xattrs</code> option is added to the <code>FIPSR</code> ruleset in AIDE. If using a custom ruleset or the <code>xattrs</code> option is missing, add <code>xattrs</code> to the...Rule Low Severity -
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) is a computer security standard which is developed by the U.S. Government and industry working groups to validate the quality of cryptographic mod...Group -
Disk Partitioning
To ensure separation and protection of data, there are top-level system directories which should be placed on their own physical partition or logical volume. The installer's default partitioning sc...Group -
Encrypt Partitions
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5 natively supports partition encryption through the Linux Unified Key Setup-on-disk-format (LUKS) technology. The easiest way to encrypt a partition is during installat...Rule High Severity -
Ensure /home Located On Separate Partition
If user home directories will be stored locally, create a separate partition for <code>/home</code> at installation time (or migrate it later using LVM). If <code>/home</code> will be mounted from ...Rule Low Severity -
Ensure /var Located On Separate Partition
The <code>/var</code> directory is used by daemons and other system services to store frequently-changing data. Ensure that <code>/var</code> has its own partition or logical volume at installation...Rule Low Severity -
Ensure /var/log/audit Located On Separate Partition
Audit logs are stored in the <code>/var/log/audit</code> directory. Ensure that <code>/var/log/audit</code> has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM. M...Rule Low Severity -
GNOME Desktop Environment
GNOME is a graphical desktop environment bundled with many Linux distributions that allow users to easily interact with the operating system graphically rather than textually. The GNOME Graphical D...Group -
Configure GNOME Login Screen
In the default GNOME desktop, the login is displayed after system boot and can display user accounts, allow users to reboot the system, and allow users to login automatically and/or with a guest ac...Group -
Disable GDM Unattended or Automatic Login
The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) can allow users to automatically login without user interaction or credentials or unattended login. User should always be required to authenticate themselves to the ...Rule High Severity -
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo
The sudo <code>NOPASSWD</code> and <code>!authenticate</code> option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making ...Rule Medium Severity -
Require Re-Authentication When Using the sudo Command
The sudo <code>timestamp_timeout</code> tag sets the amount of time sudo password prompt waits. The default <code>timestamp_timeout</code> value is 5 minutes. The timestamp_timeout should be config...Rule Medium Severity -
The operating system must restrict privilege elevation to authorized personnel
The sudo command allows a user to execute programs with elevated (administrator) privileges. It prompts the user for their password and confirms your request to execute a command by checking a file...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure sudo only includes the default configuration directory
Administrators can configure authorized <code>sudo</code> users via drop-in files, and it is possible to include other directories and configuration files from the file currently being parsed. Mak...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure invoking users password for privilege escalation when using sudo
The sudoers security policy requires that users authenticate themselves before they can use sudo. When sudoers requires authentication, it validates the invoking user's credentials. The expected ou...Rule Medium Severity -
Updating Software
The <code>zypper</code> command line tool is used to install and update software packages. The system also provides a graphical software update tool in the <b>System</b> menu, in the <b>Administrat...Group -
Ensure zypper Removes Previous Package Versions
<code>zypper</code> should be configured to remove previous software components after new versions have been installed. To configure <code>zypper</code> to remove the previous software components ...Rule Low Severity -
Limit Password Reuse
Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the <code>remember</code> option for the <code>pam_pwhistory</code> PAM modules. <br> <br> In the file <code...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure All Accounts on the System Have Unique User IDs
Change user IDs (UIDs), or delete accounts, so each has a unique name.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure gpgcheck Enabled In Main zypper Configuration
The <code>gpgcheck</code> option controls whether RPM packages' signatures are always checked prior to installation. To configure zypper to check package signatures before installing them, ensure t...Rule High Severity -
Ensure Software Patches Installed
If the system is configured for online updates, invoking the following command will list available security updates: <pre>$ sudo zypper refresh && sudo zypper list-patches -g security</pre...Rule Medium Severity -
Warning Banners for System Accesses
Each system should expose as little information about itself as possible. <br> <br> System banners, which are typically displayed just before a login prompt, give out information about the s...Group -
Login Banner Verbiage
Enter an appropriate login banner for your organization. Please note that new lines must be expressed by the '\n' character and special characters like parentheses and quotation marks must be escap...Value -
Modify the System Login Banner
To configure the system login banner edit <code>/etc/issue</code>. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy or a legal disclaimer. The DoD required text is ei...Rule Medium Severity -
Password Hashing algorithm
Specify the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords. Defines the value set as ENCRYPT_METHOD in /etc/login.defs.Value -
Password Hashing algorithm for pam_unix.so
Specify the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords. Defines the hashing algorithm to be used in pam_unix.so.Value -
Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification
To configure the system to notify users of last logon/access using <code>pam_lastlog</code>, add or correct the <code>pam_lastlog</code> settings in <code>/etc/pam.d/login</code> to include <code>s...Rule Low Severity -
The PAM configuration should not be changed automatically
Verify the SUSE operating system is configured to not overwrite Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) configuration on package changes.Rule Medium Severity -
Set Deny For Failed Password Attempts
The SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5 operating system must lock an account after - at most - <xccdf-1.2:sub xmlns:xccdf-1.2="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2" idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_v...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Quality Requirements
The default <code>pam_pwquality</code> PAM module provides strength checking for passwords. It performs a number of checks, such as making sure passwords are not similar to dictionary words, are of...Group -
Set Password Quality Requirements, if using pam_cracklib
The <code>pam_cracklib</code> PAM module can be configured to meet requirements for a variety of policies. <br> <br> For example, to configure <code>pam_cracklib</code> to require at least...Group -
Set Password Strength Minimum Digit Characters
The pam_cracklib module's <code>dcredit</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of digits in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many d...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Strength Minimum Different Characters
The pam_cracklib module's <code>difok</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of different characters during a password change. The number of changed characters refers to the number of cha...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Strength Minimum Lowercase Characters
The pam_cracklib module's <code>lcredit=</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of lowercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Minimum Length
The pam_cracklib module's <code>minlen</code> parameter controls requirements for minimum characters required in a password. Add <code>minlen=<xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_valu...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure There Are No Accounts With Blank or Null Passwords
Check the "/etc/shadow" file for blank passwords with the following command: <pre>$ sudo awk -F: '!$2 {print $1}' /etc/shadow</pre> If the command returns any results, this is a finding. Configure ...Rule High Severity -
Set Password Strength Minimum Special Characters
The pam_cracklib module's <code>ocredit=</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of special (or ``other'') characters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be req...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Retry Limit
The pam_cracklib module's <code>retry</code> parameter controls the maximum number of times to prompt the user for the password before returning with error. Make sure it is configured with a value ...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Strength Minimum Uppercase Characters
The pam_cracklib module's <code>ucredit=</code> parameter controls requirements for usage of uppercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain...Rule Medium Severity -
Set Password Quality Requirements with pam_pwquality
The <code>pam_pwquality</code> PAM module can be configured to meet requirements for a variety of policies. <br> <br> For example, to configure <code>pam_pwquality</code> to require at lea...Group -
dcredit
Minimum number of digits in passwordValue -
difok
Minimum number of characters not present in old passwordValue -
lcredit
Minimum number of lower case in passwordValue -
minlen
Minimum number of characters in passwordValue -
ocredit
Minimum number of other (special characters) in passwordValue -
retry
Number of retry attempts before erroring outValue -
ucredit
Minimum number of upper case in passwordValue -
Set Password Hashing Algorithm
The system's default algorithm for storing password hashes in/etc/shadowis SHA-512. This can be configured in several locations.Group -
Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/login.defs
In <code>/etc/login.defs</code>, add or update the following line to ensure the system will use <xccdf-1.2:sub idref="xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_value_var_password_hashing_algorithm" use="legacy"...Rule Medium Severity -
Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed with SHA512
Verify the operating system requires the shadow password suite configuration be set to encrypt interactive user passwords using a strong cryptographic hash. Check that the interactive user account ...Rule Medium Severity
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