Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 11
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Ensure There Are No Accounts With Blank or Null Passwords
Check the "/etc/shadow" file for blank passwords with the following command: <pre>$ sudo awk -F: '!$2 {print $1}' /etc/shadow</pre> If the command ...Rule High Severity -
Verify No netrc Files Exist
The <code>.netrc</code> files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files ma...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Root Logins
Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivil...Group -
Group Name Used by pam_wheel Group Parameter
pam_wheel module has a parameter called group, which controls which groups can access the su command. This variable holds the valid value for the p...Value -
Verify Only Root Has UID 0
If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or h...Rule High Severity -
Verify Root Has A Primary GID 0
Therootuser should have a primary group of 0.Rule High Severity -
Direct root Logins Not Allowed
To further limit access to the <code>root</code> account, administrators can disable root logins at the console by editing the <code>/etc/securetty...Rule Medium Severity -
Restrict Serial Port Root Logins
To restrict root logins on serial ports, ensure lines of this form do not appear in/etc/securetty:ttyS0 ttyS1
Rule Medium Severity -
Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts
When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the...Group -
Maximum login attempts delay
Maximum time in seconds between fail login attempts before re-prompting.Value -
Ensure the Logon Failure Delay is Set Correctly in login.defs
To ensure the logon failure delay controlled by <code>/etc/login.defs</code> is set properly, add or correct the <code>FAIL_DELAY</code> setting in...Rule Medium Severity -
Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User
Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user can limit risks related to Denial of Service attacks. This addresses concurrent sessions...Rule Low Severity -
Configure Polyinstantiation of /tmp Directories
To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use th...Rule Low Severity -
Configure Polyinstantiation of /var/tmp Directories
To configure polyinstantiated /tmp directories, first create the parent directories which will hold the polyinstantiation child directories. Use th...Rule Low Severity -
Ensure that User Home Directories are not Group-Writable or World-Readable
For each human user of the system, view the permissions of the user's home directory: <pre># ls -ld /home/<i>USER</i></pre> Ensure that the directo...Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure that No Dangerous Directories Exist in Root's Path
The active path of the root account can be obtained by starting a new root shell and running: <pre># echo $PATH</pre> This will produce a colon-sep...Group -
Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include World or Group-Writable Directories
For each element in root's path, run:# ls -ld DIR
and ensure that write permissions are disabled for group and other.Rule Medium Severity -
Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include Relative Paths or Null Directories
Ensure that none of the directories in root's path is equal to a single <code>.</code> character, or that it contains any instances that lead to re...Rule Unknown Severity -
Ensure that Users Have Sensible Umask Values
The umask setting controls the default permissions for the creation of new files. With a default <code>umask</code> setting of 077, files and direc...Group -
Sensible umask
Enter default user umaskValue
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