Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 11
Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark
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Application Whitelisting Daemon
Fapolicyd (File Access Policy Daemon) implements application whitelisting to decide file access rights. Applications that are known via a reputatio...Group -
fapolicyd Must be Configured to Limit Access to Users Home Folders
fapolicyd needs be configured so that users cannot give access to their home folders to other users.Rule Medium Severity -
FTP Server
FTP is a common method for allowing remote access to files. Like telnet, the FTP protocol is unencrypted, which means that passwords and other data...Group -
Disable vsftpd if Possible
To minimize attack surface, disable vsftpd if at all possible.Group -
Configure vsftpd to Provide FTP Service if Necessary
The primary vsftpd configuration file is/etc/vsftpd.conf, if that file exists, or/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.confif it does not.Group -
Configure Firewalls to Protect the FTP Server
By default, <code>iptables</code> blocks access to the ports used by the web server. To configure <code>iptables</code> to allow port 21 traffic,...Rule Unknown Severity -
Restrict the Set of Users Allowed to Access FTP
This section describes how to disable non-anonymous (password-based) FTP logins, or, if it is not possible to do this entirely due to legacy applic...Group -
Limit Users Allowed FTP Access if Necessary
If there is a mission-critical reason for users to access their accounts via the insecure FTP protocol, limit the set of users who are allowed this...Rule Unknown Severity -
Use vsftpd to Provide FTP Service if Necessary
If your use-case requires FTP service, install and set-up vsftpd to provide it.Group -
Web Server
The web server is responsible for providing access to content via the HTTP protocol. Web servers represent a significant security risk because: <br...Group -
Disable Apache if Possible
If Apache was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be disabled and removed from the system.Group -
Disable NGINX if Possible
If NGINX was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be removed from the system.Group -
Disable netfs if Possible
To determine if any network filesystems handled by netfs are currently mounted on the system execute the following command: <pre>$ mount -t nfs,nfs...Group -
Install Apache if Necessary
If <code>httpd</code> was not installed and activated, but the system needs to act as a web server, then it should be installed on the system. Foll...Group -
Confirm Minimal Built-in Modules Installed
The default <code>httpd</code> installation minimizes the number of modules that are compiled directly into the binary (<code>core prefork http_cor...Group -
Secure Apache Configuration
The <code>httpd</code> configuration file is <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>. Apply the recommendations in the remainder of this section to...Group -
HTTPD Log Level
The setting for LogLevel in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confValue -
Maximum KeepAlive Requests for HTTPD
The setting for MaxKeepAliveRequests in httpd.confValue -
Configure Operating System to Protect Web Server
The following configuration steps should be taken on the system which hosts the web server, in order to provide as safe an environment as possible ...Group -
Run httpd in a chroot Jail if Practical
Running <code>httpd</code> inside a <code>chroot</code> jail is designed to isolate the web server process to a small section of the filesystem, li...Group
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