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Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 11

Rules, Groups, and Values defined within the XCCDF Benchmark

  • Enable the NTP Daemon

    The ntp service can be enabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl enable ntp.service
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Ensure Chrony is only configured with the server directive

    Check that Chrony only has time sources configured with the server directive.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • A remote time server for Chrony is configured

    <code>Chrony</code> is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP). It is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of s...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Obsolete Services

    This section discusses a number of network-visible services which have historically caused problems for system security, and for which disabling or...
    Group
    Show

  • Xinetd

    The <code>xinetd</code> service acts as a dedicated listener for some network services (mostly, obsolete ones) and can be used to provide access co...
    Group
    Show

  • NIS

    The Network Information Service (NIS), also known as 'Yellow Pages' (YP), and its successor NIS+ have been made obsolete by Kerberos, LDAP, and oth...
    Group
    Show

  • Rlogin, Rsh, and Rexec

    The Berkeley r-commands are legacy services which allow cleartext remote access and have an insecure trust model.
    Group
    Show

  • Remove Rsh Trust Files

    The files <code>/etc/hosts.equiv</code> and <code>~/.rhosts</code> (in each user's home directory) list remote hosts and users that are trusted by ...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • Chat/Messaging Services

    The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session.
    Group
    Show

  • Telnet

    The telnet protocol does not provide confidentiality or integrity for information transmitted on the network. This includes authentication informat...
    Group
    Show

  • TFTP Server

    TFTP is a lightweight version of the FTP protocol which has traditionally been used to configure networking equipment. However, TFTP provides littl...
    Group
    Show

  • TFTP server secure directory

    Specify the directory which is used by TFTP server as a root directory when running in secure mode.
    Value
    Show

  • Print Support

    The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) service provides both local and network printing support. A system running the CUPS service can accept print...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure the CUPS Service if Necessary

    CUPS provides the ability to easily share local printers with other systems over the network. It does this by allowing systems to share lists of av...
    Group
    Show

  • Proxy Server

    A proxy server is a very desirable target for a potential adversary because much (or all) sensitive data for a given infrastructure may flow throug...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Squid if Possible

    If Squid was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a proxy server, then it should be disabled and removed.
    Group
    Show

  • Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

    Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol, operating on port 1812 that provides centralized Authentication, Auth...
    Group
    Show

  • Hardware RNG Entropy Gatherer Daemon

    The rngd feeds random data from hardware device to kernel random device.
    Group
    Show

  • Network Routing

    A router is a very desirable target for a potential adversary because they fulfill a variety of infrastructure networking roles such as access to ...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Quagga if Possible

    If Quagga was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a router, then it should be disabled and removed.
    Group
    Show

  • Samba(SMB) Microsoft Windows File Sharing Server

    When properly configured, the Samba service allows Linux systems to provide file and print sharing to Microsoft Windows systems. There are two soft...
    Group
    Show

  • Configure Samba if Necessary

    All settings for the Samba daemon can be found in <code>/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>. Settings are divided between a <code>[global]</code> configurat...
    Group
    Show

  • Restrict Printer Sharing

    By default, Samba utilizes the CUPS printing service to enable printer sharing with Microsoft Windows workstations. If there are no printers on the...
    Group
    Show

  • Restrict SMB File Sharing to Configured Networks

    Only users with local user accounts will be able to log in to Samba shares by default. Shares can be limited to particular users or network address...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable Samba if Possible

    Even after the Samba server package has been installed, it will remain disabled. Do not enable this service unless it is absolutely necessary to pr...
    Group
    Show

  • SNMP Server

    The Simple Network Management Protocol allows administrators to monitor the state of network devices, including computers. Older versions of SNMP w...
    Group
    Show

  • Disable SNMP Server if Possible

    The system includes an SNMP daemon that allows for its remote monitoring, though it not installed by default. If it was installed and activated but...
    Group
    Show

  • Uninstall net-snmp Package

    The <code>snmp</code> package provides the snmpd service. The <code>snmp</code> package can be removed with the following command: <pre> $ apt-get...
    Rule Unknown Severity
    Show

  • Disable snmpd Service

    The snmpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
    $ sudo systemctl mask --now snmpd.service
    Rule Low Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Configure SNMP Server if Necessary

    If it is necessary to run the snmpd agent on the system, some best practices should be followed to minimize the security risk from the installation...
    Group
    Show

  • SNMP read-only community string

    Specify the SNMP community string used for read-only access.
    Value
    Show

  • SNMP read-write community string

    Specify the SNMP community string used for read-write access.
    Value
    Show

  • Ensure Default SNMP Password Is Not Used

    Edit <code>/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf</code>, remove or change the default community strings of <code>public</code> and <code>private</code>. This profil...
    Rule High Severity
    Show

  • SSH Server

    The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between tw...
    Group
    Show

  • SSH enabled firewalld zone

    Specify firewalld zone to enable SSH service. This value is used only for remediation purposes.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Approved ciphers by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved ciphers that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Approved MACs by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved MACs (message authentication code) algorithms that are used for data integrity protection by the SSH server.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH session Idle time

    Specify duration of allowed idle time.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Server Listening Port

    Specify port the SSH server is listening.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Max authentication attempts

    Specify the maximum number of authentication attempts per connection.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH is required to be installed

    Specify if the Policy requires SSH to be installed. Used by SSH Rules to determine if SSH should be uninstalled or configured.<br> A value of 0 mea...
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Strong KEX by FIPS

    Specify the FIPS approved KEXs (Key Exchange Algorithms) algorithms that are used for methods in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exch...
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Max Sessions Count

    Specify the maximum number of open sessions permitted.
    Value
    Show

  • SSH Max Keep Alive Count

    Specify the maximum number of idle message counts before session is terminated.
    Value
    Show

  • Install the OpenSSH Server Package

    The <code>openssh-server</code> package should be installed. The <code>openssh-server</code> package can be installed with the following command: <...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Remove the OpenSSH Server Package

    The <code>openssh-server</code> package should be removed. The <code>openssh-server</code> package can be removed with the following command: <pre>...
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Group Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be group-owned by root group.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files

    SSH server private keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*_key glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

  • Verify Ownership on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files

    SSH server public keys, files that match the /etc/ssh/*.pub glob, must be owned by root user.
    Rule Medium Severity
    Show

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